Scientific journal "Scientific Progress & Innovations" is included in the "List of scientific professional editions of Ukraine" Category B, in which the results of thesis papers for Doctor of Sciences, Candidate of Sciences, and Ph.D degrees in agricultural, veterinary, and technical sciences can be published (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine №409 dated 17.03.2020 and №886 dated 02.07.2020). The journal is published four times a year. FOUNDER – Poltava State Agrarian University. Has been issued since December 1998.
Полтавський державний аграрний університет
The scientific journal is included in category B of the List of scientific professional publications of Ukraine, in which the results of thesis papers for Doctor of Sciences, Candidate of Sciences, and Ph.D degrees in agricultural, veterinary, and technical sciences (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine No. 409 of March 17, 2020 and №886 July 02, 2020) 101 – Ecology; 162 – Biotechnology and Bioengineering; 201 – Agronomy; 202 – Plant Protection and Quarantine; 204 – Technology of Production and Processing of Livestock Products; 211 – Veterinary Medicine; 212 – Veterinary hygiene, sanitation and examination; 208 – Agricultural Engineering
Copyright (c) 2026 Полтавський державний аграрний університет https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Forecasted changes in the suitability of the Vanessa cardui environment in agroecosystems of Ukraine under climate scenarios
Modern climate change significantly transforms the functioning of agroecosystems and affects the spatial dynamics, abundance, and potential harmfulness of migratory phytophages in the temperate climate zone. In this regard, it is particularly important to study possible changes in the ecological niches of species capable of responding quickly to changes in climatic parameters. One such species is the painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), which is characterised by high migratory ability, broad ecological plasticity and the potential to form significant populations in agricultural landscapes. The aim of the study was to assess the current and projected suitability of the environment for Vanessa cardui and to determine possible changes in its potential range under different climate change scenarios. The analysis used georeferenced data on the species' localisation obtained from global biogeographical databases, which were combined with bioclimatic variables based on CMIP6 climate projections. Habitat suitability was modelled using the entropy maximisation (MaxEnt) algorithm, which is widely used to model the potential distribution of species based on presence-only data. The quality of the models obtained was assessed using AUC indicators and ROC curve analysis. The modelling results showed that the spatial distribution of Vanessa cardui is largely determined by temperature seasonality, the average temperature of the warmest quarter, and the amount of precipitation during the growing season. Forecasts indicate a possible redistribution of territories with varying levels of ecological suitability, an increase in the spatial mosaic of the environment, and fragmentation of optimal habitats under scenarios of more intense climate stress. At the same time, a significant part of the studied region retains a moderate level of environmental suitability for the species, which indicates not an unambiguous expansion or reduction of the range, but an increase in the variability of living conditions and potential instability of populations. The results obtained indicate a possible transformation of the balance between phytophagic pressure and natural ecological regulation in soybean agroecosystems, which is caused by changes in climatic parameters. The proposed approach to forecasting can be used in phytosanitary risk assessment systems, improving monitoring programmes and developing adaptive strategies for managing agroecosystems in conditions of climate uncertainty.
Copyright (c) 2026 В. В. Логвиненко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prospects of using agro-scouting methods in forecasting corn yield capacity
Based on modern scientific publications, the analysis of methods for assessing the agro-meteorological indicators’ impact on the formation of corn yield capacity was conducted; the methods of creating prognostic models with the use of regression analysis were also analyzed. The purpose of the studies was to determine the effect of distribution and the depth of precipitation in a definite locality. The materials for the research were the data of meteorological indicators from local weather stations during 2023–2025 and the actual data of enterprises’ production agro-ecosys-tems concerning corn yield capacity. It has been found that as a result of unfavorable weather factors, yield losses can make 40–50 % and more in comparison with favorable time and space distribution. One of the indicators of yield stability can be the coefficient of variation, which under favorable conditions made 15 %, i.e. yield variability was average, and during the following years of studies the variation was considerable – (V% = 21…39 %). The use of data from the local meteorological stations, installed by agrarians enables to create a vast database for constructing models to form crop yield capacity. Quite a large number of such stations at modern enterprises make it possible to develop the models in space sense, thus, shortening the observations’ duration, and in this way optimizing time aspect. The obtained data of observations enabled to make the conclusion concerning the limiting role of uneven geographical and time distribution of the depth of precipitation during corn vegetation period, which resulted in 40–50 % yield losses. Among the reliable indicators for yield forecasting can become the determining of monthly depth of precipitation during March – August period (r = 0.29…0.51), seasonal and pair monthly periods (r = 0.31…0.57). The average correlation was also observed with the sum of precipitation for the year and during the vegetation period – the coefficients made 0.41 and 0.49, respectively. The presence of considerable yield capacity correlation with the depth of precipitation in the early spring period proves the importance of their start character for corn areas in Poltava region, where agrarians often practice early spring sowing time. The presented research results are the evidence of large prospects for the use of agro-scouting methods on the example of measuring the depth of precipitation.
Copyright (c) 2026 К. О. Куряча, М. М. Маренич https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of optimized elements of hemp (Cannabis sativa) cultivation technology
Based on modern literary sources the problems are described as to hemp sown areas protection against segetal vegetation, the optimization of plants’ fertilization system applying growth stimulators in case of their use for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar application. It is stressed that a high level of technologies requires the detailed planning and economic analysis, which take place in the process of developing technological cultivation maps or the so called crop budget; however, there are many approaches to the objective assessment of economic indicators. In the researches, which combined the study of seed sowing rates’ effect as well as the application of growth stim-ulators and herbicides, the indicators of their use economic efficiency were determined. It was found that in the structure of production expenses of hemp cultivation, the main share made the buying and applying fertilizers – 64 %. Moreover, 25 % of all spending constituted the seeds, and the overall expenses on protection preparations, including herbicides did not exceed 6% of the total expenditures. Under the conditions of unstable moistening, the decrease in the seed sowing rates to 1 mln/ ha is economically rational, which is also important considering ecolog-ical and economic approach to developing the cultivation technologies. The use of decreased sowing rates resulted in rising the indicator of net profit by 1.5 thousand hrn/ha. The effectiveness was found as to the use of humic growth stimulators for the seed pre-sowing treatment and foliar application in combination with other preparations, which are used for the protection of agro-ecosystems against diseases and pests. It is noted that the application of certain stimulators can lead to the increase in straw yield, and of the other ones – in seed yield, as it happened with the variants of Zinovii grand (1 kg/t) + Zinovii grand (2 kg/ha) and 1R Seed treatment (1 kg/t) + Ultra Boost (2 l/ha). The use of these substances can result in the growth of the net profit by 11 thousand hrn/ha. In order to get high and stable harvests of dual-purpose hemp, it is expedient to use pre-sowing seed treatment with humic preparations. The control over segetal vegetation with the help of herbicides allowed obtain net profit by 10 thousand hryvnias or 25 % more in comparison with the variants where herbicides were not applied.
Copyright (c) 2026 О. О. Овсяник https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efficiency of the application of bio preparations for managing the development of tomato diseases
Tomato is one of the leading vegetable crops, but significant damage to its harvest is caused by the development of diseases, the losses from which can reach 30 %. In this regard, studies are relevant to establish the effectiveness of the use of biological products to limit the development of major tomato diseases in open ground conditions and increase their yield. According to the results of phytosanitary monitoring of tomato crops in open ground conditions during the growing seasons of 2024 –2025, it was established that the dominant fungal disease in the agrocenosis is early dry spot or alternariosis (Alternaria solani Ell. et Mart.). In the fruit formation phase, the prevalence of the disease on average over the years of research was 88,1 %, and the intensity of development was 32.3 %. Anthracnose damage to tomato fruits was noted (Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes). The prevalence of the disease was 20,0 % with an intensity of development of 14,8 %. Bacterial diseases were represented by pathogens of wet bacterial rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) and black bacterial spot (Xanthomonas vesicatoria Doidge). The prevalence of wet bacterial rot reached 23,0 %, and black bacterial spot did not exceed 10,0 %. It was established that the treatment of plants with biological products significantly reduces the development of tomato diseases in open ground conditions. The technical efficiency of their use against the complex of tomato diseases was within 30,6–54,7 %, while the chemical standard – 50,5–63,2 %. The best protection of tomatoes from diseases among biological products was provided by 5-time treatment of plants with Vitastim BT and Fitosporin BT (10 l/ha). The technical effectiveness of this measure to limit the development of fungal diseases (Alternaria blight, anthracnose) was 45,8–52,7 %, bacterial (wet rot, black bacterial spot) – 52,3–54,7 %. The use of biological products contributed to an increase in the marketable yield of tomato fruits by 2,42–4,63 t/ha, which indicates the effectiveness of their use and the feasibility of using them to control tomato diseases.
Copyright (c) 2026 О. О. Чаюк , E. Л. Чумак https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimization of soybean sowing and fertilization rate in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Studying optimal seeding rates and fertilization systems for soybean crops is important. Incorrectly selected plant density leads to irrational use of resources or, conversely, to excessive competition, while unbalanced mineral and biological nutrition inhibits the efficiency of nodule formation and crop formation. Thus, scientific substantiation and implementation of economically justified sowing and fertilization rates are a key lever for maximizing the genetic potential of modern soybean varieties, which directly affects the growth of the profitability of agricultural production and the competitiveness of the industry. The purpose of the research is to establish the effectiveness of various seeding rates, fertilizer application, growth stimulant, and seed inoculation for the Samorodok soybean variety. The task is to determine the impact of seeding rates and fertilizers on seed germination, biometric indicators, and elements of the crop structure. The research was conducted during 2023–2025 in the Kirovohrad region. The soil is ordinary medium-humus heavy loamy black soil. The early-ripening soybean variety Samorodok was studied. The experiment was set up using the split-plot method. Factor A is seeding rates, factor B is the nutritional background. Mineral fertilizers (Р40К40) were applied by spreading method for pre-sowing cultivation. Inoculation with Rizoactiv was carried out at a rate of 2 l/t of seeds, the biostimulant Vitazym was used at a rate of 1 l/t. As a result of the research, it was found that as the seeding rate increased, field seed germination decreased by 1.9–2.0 %. Complex fertilizer (Р40К40 + Rhizoactiv + Vitazym) provided an increase in germination by 3.9–4.2 % compared to the control. With an increase in the seeding rate, the weight of one plant decreased by 6.0–7.6 g. The largest plant mass was provided by the complex fertilizer option, at a rate of 500 thousand/ha it was 33.8 g (increase compared to the control of 5.5 g). Unlike mass, plant height increased by an average of 2.3 cm with increasing seeding rate. The use of fertilizers provided greater height; in dense sowing (900 thousand/ha), it was 56.1 cm, which exceeded the control by 5.6 %. The number of tubers decreased as the seeding rate increased by 8.7–10.2 pcs. At a rate of 500 thousand/ha, it was 38.4 pcs., which is higher than the control by 10 pcs. or 35.2 %. Analysis of the elements of the crop structure showed that the number of beans during thickening decreased by 6.7–9.1 pcs. which was 27.7–29.8 %. At the same time, the mass of seeds decreased on average by 1.1 g (28.9 %). The highest seed productivity per unit area was at a seeding rate of 700 thousand/ha (average 241 g/m2). Higher yield (27.8 c/ha) was obtained at a seeding rate of 700 thousand c/ha when using mineral fertilizers Р40К40 and seed treatment with Rizoactiv and Vitazym. The yield increase was 4.4 c/ha, or 18.8 %.
Copyright (c) 2026 Т. П. Шепілова, Д. І. Петренко, К. В. Васильковська, О. Г. Андрейченко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of copper hydroxide concentrations on yield formation of indeterminate tomato hybrids under protected cultivation
Stabilization of vegetable crop productivity in protected cultivation systems under conditions of intensified phytopathogenic pressure of fungal and bacterial etiology requires optimization of fungicide load, taking into account economic feasibility and the regulated effectiveness of product application. With increasing phytopathological risks in greenhouse tomato cultivation, this necessitates a comparative evaluation of fungicide efficiency at different concentrations in order to determine the most effective application regimes. The article investigates the effect of the fungicide Champion, based on copper hydroxide, on the yield of indeterminate tomato hybrids when applied at concentrations of 3, 6, and 9 g/L in a plastic-film greenhouse of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to determine the optimal concentration of the copper hydroxide preparation capable of ensuring increased yield and maintaining stable plant productivity under cultivation conditions. The experiments were conducted in four replications with a standardized treatment regime during early vegetative and generative growth stages. The control variant involved cultivation without product treatment, against which the average yield reached 17.4 kg/m2 for the hybrid Matias F1 and 16.4 kg/m2 for the hybrid Panekra F1. On average for 2018–2021, a product concentration of 3 g/L provided yields at the level of 16.2–16.8 kg/m2, whereas the concentration of 6 g/L resulted in the highest performance – 17.2–17.4 kg/m2, with an increase of up to 5.0 % compared to the control, indicating the optimality of this regime. At the concentration of 9 g/L, yield amounted to 17.0–17.3 kg/m2, with an increase of up to 3.6 %. Multi-year analysis demonstrated the repeatability and stability of the effect specifically at the concentration of 6 g/L, while the doses of 3 and 9 g/L were characterized by lower efficiency. The practical significance lies in the agrotechnological substantiation of copper-containing product application, which ensures stable yield formation of indeterminate tomato hybrids and reduces the risk of production losses in commercial greenhouse production.
Copyright (c) 2026 В. П. Сєвідов, І. В. Сєвідов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hermoplasma of common watermelon ((Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. et Nakai) in Ukraine as the basis for the selection of new varieties and hybrids
This article summarizes current global approaches to the use of watermelon germplasm and analyzes the potential of Ukrainian genetic resources for breeding new varieties and hybrids. The study utilized the gene pool of common watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. et Nakai) available at the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Screening (2023–2025) of 24 homozygous watermelon lines was conducted for phenological, morphological, and economically valuable traits; the data obtained were included in the analysis of the gene pool. Based on the results of the analysis, a description of the general watermelon germplasm population was provided, and the role and significance of Ukrainian collection samples in modern breeding programs were determined. The Ukrainian watermelon gene pool is represented by 645 watermelon samples of various geographical origins. Samples with a monoecious type of female flowers account for 46 %. Based on the results of the phenological study, the general population was divided into maturity groups: early-maturing – 64 %, mid-early – 19 %, mid-maturing – 14 %, and mid-late – 3 %. Twenty-four samples were identified as having the shortest duration of the period from mass emergence to physiological maturity (56–60 days). Yields of samples from the general population of the watermelon gene pool ranged from 5.1 to 74.2 t/ha (Am = 69.1), with an average of 29.2 t/ha. Sources were identified that significantly exceeded the standard by 5 to 42% in terms of yield, with yields ranging from 41.1 to 74.2 t/ha. This includes 34 samples. The level of the “marketability” trait ranged from 44 to 100 % (Am = 56), with an average trait value in the general population of 94 %. The level of expression of the “average marketable fruit weight” trait in the general population ranged from 2.0 to 6.5 kg (Am = 4.4), with an average trait value in the general population of 3.2 kg. Watermelon germplasm is a key factor in the successful breeding of new varieties and hybrids. Ukrainian watermelon genetic resources have high breeding value and can play an important role in the creation of adapted, productive, and competitive varieties and hybrids. Research on the comprehensive evaluation and selection of watermelon breeding material has allowed for the identification of genotypes that correspond to the modeled traits, and their inclusion in the breeding process to create varieties and hybrids with high adaptability will increase the efficiency of breeding efforts, thereby contributing to ensuring food security in Ukraine.
Copyright (c) 2026 О. М. Шабетя, М. Б. Сергієнко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effect of fertilizers on the yield and quality of sunflower seeds when grown in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
The study of increasing the productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as one of the leading and most economically profitable oil crops in the agricultural sector of Ukraine is relevant. Taking into account the strategic importance of sunflowers on the global vegetable oil market, where Ukraine plays a key role, the research focused on optimizing the technological methods of its cultivation, in particular through the rational use of mineral fertilizers. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of different fertilization levels on the yield and quality parameters of seeds of sunflower hybrids of different biotypes. The research was conducted during 2024–2025 at the experimental field of the Poltava State Agricultural Research Station named after M. I. Vavilov. It was found that fertilizer application increased the yield of the Yarilo hybrid by 0.40–0.61 t/ha (26.5–40.4 %). The maximum result was obtained with the N90Р100К90 rate. It was found that the exclusion of potassium (N90P100) did not lead to a significant yield loss, with a difference of only 3.9 %. The highest yield of the Ravelin hybrid (2.14 t/ha) was observed when N90P100K90 was applied, which is 40.8 % higher than the control variant. Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization also proved highly efficient, with seed yield increasing by 32.9–38.2 % compared to the control. The mid-season hybrid Guslar showed the highest sensitivity to the nutrient supply. The maximum yield (2.27 t/ha) was obtained with the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N90P100K90, which was 32.0 % higher than the variant without fertilizers. Special attention in the study was given to analyzing the effect of mineral nutrition levels on seed oil content. It has been established that intensification of the sunflower fertilization system and increased yields lead to a gradual decrease in oil content. Even minimal doses of N50P60 fertilizers reduced oil content by 0.5–0.9 %, depending on the biological characteristics of the hybrid. The highest seed quality was observed in the control variant without fertilizers. It has been proven that although complete mineral fertilizer (NPK) is the most effective in terms of its impact on seed yield formation, the role of potassium in the soils where the study was conducted is less pronounced compared to nitrogen and phosphorus. The results prove that the optimal fertilizer dose should be based on the biological characteristics of a specific hybrid in order to achieve a balance between yield and oil content.
Copyright (c) 2026 В. В. Гангур, І. А. Поляков, М. Р. Черниш, В. А. Соляник, А. С. Господинько https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Monitoring the spread of root roots of spring barley in the Eastern part of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine
Barley is one of the main grain crops in Ukraine and is noted for one of the lowest production costs. However, the actual yield of barley still remains significantly lower than its potential. One of the main factors limiting the production of high gross grain yields and deteriorating its quality is the significant damage to the crop by fungal pathogens, primarily root rot. The monitoring of the phytosanitary condition of spring barley crops in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2018–2025 showed that the dominant pathogen of root rot is the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. (60 % of the total specific weight of pathogens), while fungi of the genus Fusarium account for 40 %. Intensive growth and abundant formation of conidia of B. sorokiniana was noted at air temperatures of +22+28 °C and soil moisture of 80 % of the full moisture capacity. The incubation period of the disease was 6–8 days. For fungi of the genus Fusarium, the optimal conditions for development were at air temperatures of +22+26 °C and soil humidity of more than 40 %. It was found that an increase in the average daily temperature by +2.4+4.5 °C and a decrease in precipitation to 60–74 % increased the intensity of root rot development: in the tillering phase from 5.5 to 17.9 %, in the earing phase from 14.5 to 44.4 %, in the waxy grain ripeness phase from 31.8 to 57.9 %. Screening of varieties for resistance to root rots showed that the highest prevalence of B. sorokiniana was found in the Agrariy variety (70 %), in the Allegro, Kozvan and Modern varieties from 50 to 67 %. The highest level of infection by fungi of the genus Fusarium was noted in the Allegro variety – up to 50 %. Determining the species composition of pathogens, biological features of their development in different varieties allows for effective monitoring of disease development and planning timely protective measures for spring barley crops. The creation and widespread introduction of resistant barley varieties into production is a particularly urgent task, since the yield when growing such varieties can be tens of times higher compared to the use of only chemical plant protection products. Therefore, for effective protection of spring barley from root rots, it is advisable to introduce resistant varieties into production. This will contribute to the preservation of the harvest, improvement of the phytosanitary condition of agrocenoses due to the reduction of the frequency and rates of pesticide use, as well as the reduction of environmental pollution.
Copyright (c) 2026 В. П. Туренко, Є. С. Олейніков https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of experimental sunflower hybrids for resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.)
Sunflower is a strategic oilseed crop whose productivity is significantly constrained by infestation with sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana), a parasitic plant characterized by the continuous emergence of new virulent races. The aim of the study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of newly developed experimental sunflower hybrids for resistance to broomrape under both laboratory and field conditions and to identify the most valuable combinations for further breeding programs. During 2023–2025, laboratory screening was performed under an artificial infection background using a mixture of broomrape seeds collected from different regions of Ukraine, followed by field assessment under natural infestation conditions. The experiment included 68 experimental hybrids obtained through diallel crosses between four maternal lines and 20 fertility restorer lines. Resistance was evaluated based on the percentage of infected plants, the number of tubercles or parasite shoots per plant, and an integrated resistance scoring scale; statistical analysis was performed using correlation and regression methods. A pronounced differentiation among hybrids in terms of resistance level was established, along with a decisive influence of the maternal component’s genetic background. The highest and most stable resistance in both laboratory and field trials was demonstrated by hybrids involving the A25 line; several combinations showed complete absence of infection over two consecutive years (0 %, score 9), indicating effectiveness against at least six broomrape races (A–F) and likely race G. In contrast, most hybrids derived from A620-16, OD-DI-65-SU, and НА-26-ІМІ-PR exhibited high or moderate susceptibility, although certain combinations displayed moderate tolerance, supporting the feasibility of targeted selection within these groups. A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was found between laboratory and field infection parameters (r = 0.683; p < 0.001), with 46.7 % of the variation in field resistance explained by laboratory results, confirming the predictive value of early-stage laboratory screening. The findings enabled the identification of hybrids with high breeding value recommended for advanced competitive trials and for use in breeding programs aimed at developing competitive heterotic forms with an expanded spectrum of resistance to aggressive broomrape races.
Copyright (c) 2026 В. В. Білик, Д. В. Чуйко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adaptive potential of grain amaranth by productivity elements in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
The article presents the results of the evaluation of the adaptive potential of 23 collection samples of grain species of the genus Amaranthus (A. cruentus – 11 samples, A. hypochondriacus – 8, A. caudatus – 1, A. hybridus – 3) based on the main productivity elements under the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2012–2014 and 2024–2025 at the experimental field of the State Biotechnological University under variable weather conditions, including both drought and high-temperature periods (2012, 2024) and relatively favourable years (2013–2014, 2025). The evaluation of adaptive potential was carried out using three key indicators: panicle length, panicle productivity, and 1000-seed weight, applying the following parameters: stability (S.F.), homeostaticity (Hom), breeding value (Sc), and agronomic stability (As). The average coefficient of variation was 12.7 % for panicle length, 24.2 % for panicle productivity, and 11.6 % for 1000-seed weight. Panicle length varied from 29.0 cm (K-253) to 47.0 cm (K-160), panicle productivity – from 4.6 g (Вр 721) to 14.5 g (K-219), and 1000-seed weight – from 479 mg (K-251) to 701 mg (Вр 719). For all three traits studied, the agronomic stability coefficient (As) exceeded 70 % in the majority of samples, reaching 90–99 % in the best genotypes. The analysis of homeostaticity (Hom) and breeding value (Sc) indicators allowed the identification of the most promising samples. For 1000-seed weight, the standout samples were Вр 719 (701 mg), Вр 625, K-219, and K-160, which were characterized by the highest values of Hom and Sc. The sample K-219 (A. hypochondriacus) demonstrated the maximum panicle productivity (14.5 g) and high adaptive parameters, while K-160 (A. caudatus) showed the maximum panicle length (47.0 cm) and stability of trait expression. Cluster analysis confirmed a clear differentiation of the studied samples according to the complex of productivity and adaptive indicators, revealing groups of genotypes with similar productivity traits. The selected samples (Вр 719, Вр 625, K-219, K-160) represent particularly valuable source material for future breeding programs. They combine a high level of productivity with excellent stability and ecological plasticity, making them promising for the development of high-yielding, stress-resistant varieties of grain amaranth adapted to the climatic conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Copyright (c) 2026 Т. І. Гопцій, В. В. Антоненко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Yield of field pea varieties for grain and vegetable use depending on seed inoculation
The research focused on increasing plant protein yield through organic farming methods in legume cultivation is highly relevant to strengthening Ukraine’s food security. Among the legumes considered as a source of protein, field pea (Pisum sativum L.) for grain and vegetable use occupies an important place in the structure of the area under crops. The optimization and bipolarization of pea cultivation technologies aim to increase yields through variety selection and cultivation technology, which determine the relevance of the chosen research topic. The research aims to determine the yield of field peas for various uses, depending on variety and to improve cultivation technology through the application of inoculants. Registered varieties of peas intended for grain production – Album, Haiduk and Stabil as well as vegetable pea varieties Omeha, Lipton and Leia were used in the research. Research results showed that grain-type pea varieties provide significantly higher grain yields, ranging from 2.8 to 3.7 t/ha, with an increase over control of 0.14–0.37 t/ha, compared to vegetable-type peas which produced 1.8–3.1 t/ha, where the increase over the control ranged from 0.18 to 0.33 t/ha. However, it was determined that field pea varieties formed significantly higher yields under the conditions of 2025: for grain-type peas (2.85–3.86 t/ha), for vegetable-type peas (2.51–3.24 t/ha), compared to 2024 (grain-type: 2.52–3.51 t/ha, vegetable-type: 2.12–3.03 t/ha), which was characterized by arid conditions during the spring- summer period. On average over the research period, the variety Haiduk proved to be the most productive among the grain-type pea varieties (3.69 t/ha); when treated with the BiNitro inoculant, the yield increased by 0.37 t/ha. Among vegetable pea varieties, Lipton showed the highest yield (3.14 t/ha), with an increase of 0.18 t/ha when treated with the Rizoaktiv legumes inoculant. It was established that, among the factors studied, weather conditions of the research years had the greatest influence on the yield of pea varieties (39.0–49.0 %). Varietal characteristics (18.0–20.0 %) and seed inoculation (14.0–16.0 %) also had a significant influence as well as their interaction (2.0–12.0 %). The research results indicate that the highest yields among grain-type pea varieties were obtained with the BiNitro inoculant: Haiduk (3.69 t/ha), Stabil (3.31 t/ha), and Album (2.84 t/ha). Vegetable pea varieties significantly increased grain yield when Rizoaktiv legumes inoculant was applied, particularly Lipton (3.14 t/ha), Omega (2.60 t/ha) and Leia (1.81 t/ha).
Copyright (c) 2026 Н. С. Шокало, M. I. Кулик, І. І. Рожко, В. С. Дем’янченко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spatiotemporal modeling of invasive arthropod spread in urban ecosystems with recreational areas
This article examines contemporary approaches to modeling the spread of invasive species in urban ecosystems, considering their spatiotemporal dynamics and the functional heterogeneity of the environment. The relevance of this study stems from the need to enhance the accuracy of predicting invasion processes in urban ecosystems, where conventional bioclimatic models often fail to capture the complex mosaic structure of the environment. The study aims to develop and formalize a spatiotemporal model of invasive arthropod spread in urban ecosystems with recreational areas, considering their role as attractors, repellents, and ecological traps. The objectives included analyzing the spatial structure of urban ecosystems, identifying patterns of population distribution, and assessing the influence of environmental connectivity on invasion processes. The methodology was based on a spatially explicit discrete matrix approach, in which the urban ecosystem was modeled as a 10×10 grid. Contagion (Kc) and structural connectivity (Ksh) coefficients were applied to evaluate spatial patterns and simulate population spread scenarios. The results demonstrate that the degree of saturation of urban ecosystems with recreational areas, as well as their spatial connectivity, determines the nature of invasion processes. It was found that at a Schroeder coefficient of Ksh ≥ 0.6, a network of ecologically connected localities is formed, enabling active biotic exchange and facilitating the spread of invasive species. In contrast, at Ksh < 0.6, the system becomes fragmented, and the infiltration process follows a probabilistic pattern based on Markov transitions. It was also established that the type of spatial distribution (uniform, random, or aggregated) significantly influences the formation of population clusters and their rate of spread. Recreational areas were shown to have a dual function, acting either as centers of population accumulation or as barriers, thereby creating an ecological trap effect. An analytical relationship describing the rate of population infiltration as a function of trophic specialization, resource availability, and spatial structure of the environment is proposed. The findings highlight that incorporating the spatiotemporal organization of urban ecosystems significantly improves the accuracy of invasion predictions. The practical significance of the study lies in the application of the model for identifying high-risk zones and optimizing the management of urban green spaces.
Copyright (c) 2026 А. В. Фокін, Л. М. Бондарева https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of the spore-forming activity of the Blakeslea trispora mushroom
Industrial production of carotene-containing preparations of natural origin is an urgent task of modern biotechnology. The importance of this problem is determined by the specificity and diversity of functions performed by carotenoids in living cells. The production of safe natural carotenoid products is possible only by biotechnological means, that is, with the participation of appropriate producer microorganisms. The most promising among various potential carotenoid-producing microorganisms was the mold fungus Blakeslea trispora, which was selected in Ukraine as an industrial producer of beta-carotene. But if certain inducing components are used in the nutrient media, the fungus switches to oversynthesis of lycopene or other carotenoids. The production of safe natural carotenoid products is possible only by biotechnological methods with the participation of appropriate producer microorganisms. The most promising among various potential carotenoid producers was the mold fungus B. trispora, which was selected in Ukraine as an industrial producer of various carotenoids. A physiological feature of this producer was the instability of sporulation in both (+) and (-) strains of the heterothallic fungus. The aim of the work is to develop methods for increasing the level of sporulation ability of B. trispora under surface cultivation conditions. The level of sporulation was estimated by the number of spores per 1 cm2. Counting chambers were used to count the number of spores. The work proposed the use of physical and chemical factors to intensify sporulation in B. trispora. Thus, the stimulating effect of the duration of visible light illumination on the sporulation ability of B. trispora was studied. The influence of different parts of the visible light spectrum on the studied process was also determined: violet, blue, green, yellow and red. It was found that the maximum number of spores is formed when the surface culture is illuminated for at least 4 days at an intensity of 300 lux. The maximum stimulating effect was achieved when illuminating the surface culture of B. trispora with red light: the number of spores increased 35 times compared to the dark control. Since repeated light exposure may cause undesirable metabolic processes in fungal cells, the effect of some antioxidants on the growth and carotenogenesis of populations of the fungus B. trispora obtained from shoals grown under intense light conditions was tested Citric acid, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, cysteine, and urea were used as antioxidant nutrient components. It was found that the studied antioxidants do not affect the producer’s ability to accumulate biomass and synthesize beta-carotene. The intensity of sporulation also does not change.
Copyright (c) 2026 І. М. Зубарева, Г. Д. Сафонова, О. А. Дрегваль, В. Г. Гаврилюк, Т. В. Скляр https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comprehensive assessment of the effects of genotypic and paratypic factors on the reproductive potential of dogs
The article presents the results of comprehensive studies aimed at investigating the influence of genotypic and paratypic factors on the reproductive function of dogs in modern breeding conditions. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to improve the efficiency of selection and the introduction of biotechnological methods of controlling dog reproduction. The study was conducted on 65 breeding dogs from different kennels, including 40 bitches and 25 dogs of different breeds aged 1.5 to 8 years. It was found that the reproductive performance of dogs significantly depends on age, season, and homozygosity level. The analysis showed that the average fertility of outbred bitches is 6.8–7.4 puppies per litter, while in closely inbred animals this indicator reliably decreases to 4.3–5.6 puppies (P<0.001), which is 25–28 % less than the average population values. The optimal reproductive age for females is determined to be 4–5 years, during which the maximum fertility of 7.4 puppies is recorded. Seasonal determination of fertility was revealed: the highest fertility of bitches (84.7–86.4 %) was observed in the spring-summer period, while the minimum values were recorded in winter – 69.5 % (P<0.01), which correlates with the change in the length of daylight hours. The quality of male dogs' sperm is also largely determined by genetic and age factors. In outbred dogs, sperm concentration reached 312 million/ml, motility was 82.4 %, and the proportion of morphologically normal forms was 87.5 %. In contrast, closely inbred individuals showed pronounced inbreeding depression: these indicators decreased to 241 million/ml, 68.3 %, and 73.6 % (P<0.001), respectively. It has been established that after 6 years of age, dogs experience a significant decrease in motility and concentration of sperm cells, which indicates the limit of intensive breeding use. It was found that when using chilled semen, sperm motility remains at 74.1 % after 48 hours and 62.5 % after 72 hours of exposure, which ensures the high biological integrity of the biomaterial for remote breeding. The effectiveness of artificial insemination of bitches with chilled semen was 81.0 %, which was statistically not inferior to the use of native semen (87.5 %, P>0.05). The data obtained confirm the high efficiency of the cooling method and the feasibility of its implementation in breeding work as an alternative to natural mating, which allows the rational use of the genetic potential of valuable studs without losing the level of fertility. An integrated assessment of reproductive function confirmed that closely inbred animals of older age groups have the lowest reproductive potential (index 0.68).
Copyright (c) 2026 М. В. Себа, М. О. Хоменко, Р. В. Кононенко, Н. П. Свириденко, Т. В. Литвиненко, Л. М. Хмельничий, В. М. Бочков, О. Г. Маховий https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ameliorative effects of milk thistle alcoholic extract on reproductive function and testicular oxidative damage in potassium dichromate treated male rats
Milk thistle (silymarin), a well-known antioxidant and cytoprotective compound, possesses therapeutic and protective properties. Numerous scientific studies have documented the use of milk thistle-based preparations for therapeutic purposes (to treat various pathological processes in animals and humans) or for prophylaxis. Based on the above mentioned, this study aimed to investigate the corrective effect of milk thistle ethanol extract on reproductive function and oxidative testicular damage in rats poisoned with potassium dichromate. In the experiment, adult male albino rats (n=6) were used. Group 1 (Control group): The animals were given distilled water orally for 28 days. Accordingly, Group 2 was administered potassium dichromate intraperitoneally daily for two weeks. Animals in Group 3 were given an oral dose of milk thistle alcoholic extract. Animals in Group 4 were given an oral dose of milk thistle alcoholic extract (daily for 28 days) and potassium dichromate (daily for two weeks). The studies established the negative effect of potassium dichromate, which affected the changes in the level of testosterone, FSH, and LH in the blood serum of male rats (group 2); the mentioned indicators tended to significantly decrease (P≤0.05) compared to those in the control group. It was determined that the level of testosterone, FSH, and LH in the blood serum in the group of rats (group 3) that received milk thistle was similar to the analogous levels in rats (group 1) that did not receive potassium dichromate. At the same time, in this group the level of testosterone, FSH and LH tended to increase (P≤0.05) compared to the group that received potassium dichromate. The studies established the presence of a corrective effect in the group of animals that received potassium dichromate + milk thistle. In particular, serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels were recorded to increase by 1.6, 1.5, and 1.3 times, respectively (P≤0.05), compared to the potassium dichromate-treated rats. It was also found that the administration of potassium dichromate to rats (Group 2) increased the level of nitric oxide (P≤0.05) and decreased the activity of SOD (P≤0.05) compared to the control animals. The administration of milk thistle to rats (Group 3) contributed to the increase in the activity of SOD (P≤0.05), even compared to the indicator in the control group of animals. In Group 4 of rats, the level of nitric oxide tended to decrease (P≤0.05), and the activity of SOD increased (P≤0.05) compared to the animals that received potassium dichromate. Thus, according to the study, milk thistle extract demonstrated a significant protective effect against potassium dichromate.
Copyright (c) 2026 А. Дж. Аль-Нуаймі, Амаал М. Худайер, М. С. Хасан https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Features of clinical manifestations of helminthiases of the digestive tract in dogs in mono- and associative course in dogs
Gastrointestinal helminthiases is one of the most diverse and widespread infestations of domestic animals worldwide. It exhibits a diverse range of hosts, including domestic and wild animals, plants, and humans. Dogs are usually the definitive hosts for a significant number of gastrointestinal helminthiases that are widespread throughout the world. This widespread distribution of these diseases is due to the fact that dogs can remain asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic carriers, which hinders early recognition and diagnosis of infestations. The aim of the research was to investigate the features of the clinical manifestation of mono- and mixed infestations of trichurises, toxocares and dipylidies in dogs. The research was conducted in the conditions of the Veterinary Clinic "Dovira" (Kharkiv) and the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Poltava State Agrarian University (Poltava). Three groups of dogs were formed (the first – infested with trichurises, the second – with an association of trichurises and toxocares, the third – with an association of trichurises toxocares and dipylidies). It was established that with trichurosic monoinvasion in dogs, a total of 12 clinical symptoms were detected, which were expressed to a minor extent. Among them, the most frequently detected were anemic mucous membranes (60.5 %), growth and development delay (52.6 %), decreased appetite (57.9 %). 6 clinical symptoms were significantly expressed, of which the most frequently detected was dullness of the coat (55.3%). With trichurous-toxocarosic mixed invasion in dogs, 15 clinical symptoms were detected, which were expressed to a minor extent. The most frequently detected symptoms were cough (62.0 %), decreased appetite (57.1 %), thirst (66.6 %), vomiting (57.1 %), diarrhea (57.1 %). 10 clinical symptoms were significantly expressed, of which the most frequently detected were anemic mucous membranes (57.1 %), dull coat (76.2 %), and growth and development delay (57.1 %). In trichurous-toxocarous-dipylidiasic mixed infestation, 15 clinical symptoms were detected, which were expressed to a slight and to a significant extent in 12.5–75.0 % and 6.3–87.5 % of the infected animals, respectively. It is recommended to take the obtained research results into account in the comprehensive diagnosis of intestinal mono- and mixed infestations in dogs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Д. О. Криворученко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phagocytic activity of leukocytes in pigs exposed to nanoaquachelates considering autonomic nervous system types
The development and evaluation of feed additives that ensure the stability of the immune system in pigs is a pressing issue today, as technological stress has a negative impact on this indicator. The aim of the study was to determine changes in the phagocytic activity of leukocytes when using nanoaquachelates in pigs, taking into account the individual characteristics of their organisms. The groups of animals were formed using a variational-pulsometric study, which resulted in three groups: sympathotonics, vagotonics, and normotonics, which were then divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were given a mixture of nanoaquachelates at a dose of 3 mg/day of iron and 0.01 mg/day of germanium per head. The results of phagocytic activity of leukocytes were evaluated using a spectrophotometer, and the results obtained were calculated using a calibration graph. According to the data obtained, it was established that in normotonic animals of the experimental group, compared to the control group, on day 40, leukocyte activity was 6.5 % higher (P<0.01), and on day 70 of the study, this indicator was 6.2 % higher (P<0.01). In vagotonic patients in the experimental group, compared to the control group, there was an increase in the indicator by 5.2 % (P<0.05) after 40 days and by 6.4 % (P<0.01) at the end of 70 days. In sympathotonics in the experimental group compared to the control group, there was an increase in the indicator on day 40 of 4.7 % (P<0.01) and on day 70 of 4.8 % (P<0.01). According to the results of the study, it was found that, depending on the individual characteristics of the pigs' organism, the indicators of phagocytic activity of leukocytes when using a feed additive differ in their values, which is caused by the activity of the autonomic nervous system. Further research involves determining the appropriate doses of nanoaquachelates for each group individually in order to achieve the greatest effectiveness of the modified diet in terms of the immune system.
Copyright (c) 2026 П. С. Химинець, В. І. Карповський, О. В. Журенко, Р. В. Нагорець, Р. В. Греля, І. А. Грищук, П. В. Карповський, О. О. Ковальчук https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The antifungal effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract: An in vitro study using the agar dilution method
Silybum marianum, commonly known as milk thistle, is a widely recognized plant for its medicinal properties, especially its hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities, which have been mainly attributed to silymarin. Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported the antimicrobial, including antifungal, activity of milk thistle. This study was designed to examine the antifungal activity of milk thistle extract against two common fungal pathogens, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The crude extract of milk thistle was prepared in three different concentrations (25 %, 50 %, and 100 %), which were directly incorporated into Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) using the agar dilution method. The results clearly indicated a concentration-dependent inhibition of fungal growth. At a 25 % concentration, moderate inhibition of fungal growth was observed for Candida albicans (35.2±3.1 %), while Aspergillus niger showed minimal inhibition (12.5±2.4 %). At a 50 % concentration, the inhibition increased significantly for both fungal species, with Candida albicans showing 62.8±4.5 % inhibition and Aspergillus niger showing 38.7±3.6 % inhibition. At a 100 % concentration, the maximum growth inhibition was achieved, reaching 85.4±5.2 % for Candida albicans and 64.3 ± 4.8% for Aspergillus niger. Additionally, disk diffusion susceptibility testing confirmed that both the 50 % and 100% extract solutions displayed clear zones of inhibition, categorizing both isolates as sensitive. These results strongly indicate that Silybum marianum possesses substantial inherent antifungal properties. The ability of milk thistle to act as a natural antifungal agent supports its potential application in fields beyond hepatoprotection. Further studies are needed to identify the active antifungal compounds from the crude extract, determine their spectrum of activity against a broader range of fungal pathogens, and assess their possible therapeutic or preservative applications in medicine and agriculture.
Copyright (c) 2026 М. А. К. Хамед https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Peculiarities of dog infestation with pathogens of otodectosis and sarcoptic mange across different breeds
Sarcoptic mange and otodectosis are ectoparasitic diseases caused by mites of the genus Otodectes and Sarcoptes, which are characterized by skin lesions and can infest domestic dogs. Sarcoptic mange and otodectosis are accompanied by itching at the place of mites’ localization, the appearance of alopecia, erythema, papules, pustules and crusts on the skin. The pathogens can parasitize in humans, and the most common manifestation is temporary dermatitis. Therefore, monitoring studies on otodectosis and sarcoptic mange are important for both animal and human health. The aim of the study was to determine the peculiarities of infesting dogs of different breeds with the pathogens of otodectosis and sarcoptic mange. The research was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expert Examination of Poltava State Agrarian University and in private clinics of veterinary medicine (city of Poltava). By the conducted studies it has been found that the average prevalence of otodectosis invasion in dogs makes 17.6 %. The highest values of the prevalence of infection and percentage of diseased dogs from the total number of infested animals were found in English cocker spaniels (EI – 32.0 %, 30.9 % – of the diseased dogs) and dachshunds (29.4 and 19.2 %). Mixed breeds and non-pedigree dogs (12.1 and 30.8 %), German shepherd dogs (9.5 and 7.7 %), French bulldogs (7.1 and 3.8 %), Labradors (4.8 and 3.8 %) and golden retrievers (8.3 and 3.8 %) were less infested with otodectes. The average prevalence of sarcoptic infection in dogs makes 9.6 %. The highest values of animal infestation were found in German shepherd dogs (EI – 19.1 %, 21.0 % – of the diseased dogs), Dobermans (16.7 and 5.3 %), Rottweilers (12.5 and 5.3 %), golden retrievers (16.7 and 10.5 %), as well as mixed breeds and non-pedigree animals (15.5 and 47.3 %). French bulldogs (EI – 12.5%, 5.3 % – of the diseased dogs) and dachshunds (5.9 and 5.3 %) were less infested with sarcoptes. The obtained results will allow us to take into account the peculiarities of infecting dogs of different breeds with the pathogens of otodectosis and sarcoptic mange during conducting diagnostic and preventive measures.
Copyright (c) 2026 В. О. Євстаф’єва, С. А. Ничик, Л. М. Корчан, Н. С. Канівець https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mosquitoes of the genus Culiseta: peculiarities of distribution in Ukraine and worldwide
Mosquitoes are among the most numerous members of the arthropod phylum. They act as vectors in the transmission of many pathogens affecting both animals and humans. The most common genera of mosquitoes are Anopheles, Aedes and Culex, whilst Culiseta, Mansonia and others are less well known. According to scientists, the genus Culiseta comprises 42 identified species of mosquitoes and three extinct ones; in particular, the most common species include Cs. annulata, Cs. ongiareolata, Cs. melanura, Cs. alaskaensis, Cs. morsitans, Cs. subochrea, Cs. glaphyroptera, Cs. fumipennis, Cs. ochroptera and others. They can act as vectors for filariasis pathogens; in particular, Cs. incidens for Dirofilaria immitis and Cs. longiareolata for the Usutu virus. As data on the distribution of various mosquito species in Ukraine are insufficiently documented, we decided to carry out mosquito trapping and subsequent identification in the Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions of Ukraine from June 2024 to October 2025. We collected mosquitoes using BG Sentinel traps (Biogents AG, Regensburg, Germany) with the addition of carbon dioxide using a special chemical reagent as an attractant. Based on the results of morphological identification of the captured mosquitoes using identification guides, we detected 1.4 % of Cs. longiareolata among all captured mature mosquitoes. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of reports from various European countries regarding the detection of Cs. longiareolata, indicating the spread of this species in climatic conditions similar to those in Ukraine in recent years. This, in turn, may be linked to changes in climatic conditions and global warming in general. Furthermore, this species is already the fifth representative of the genus Culiseta, in addition to the previously recorded Cs. annulata, Cs. glaphyroptera, Cs. alaskaensis and Cs. morsitans, which are registered within Ukraine. This species, like other mosquito species in general, requires further detailed study, as it acts as a vector for pathogens of parasitic, bacterial and viral origin, which may pose a threat to the health of various animal species and humans.
Copyright (c) 2026 М. М. Мельник https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental drivers, feeding habits, and population dynamics of Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) in the Third River, Iraq
To investigate the aquatic environment and population characteristics affecting the growth of Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) in the middle sector of the Third River (Main Outfall Drain, MOD) in central Iraq, a comprehensive study was conducted from January to December 2022. The research assessed key water quality variables alongside the feeding ecology, age structure, and reproductive dynamics of this species. The results revealed that water temperatures exhibited profound seasonal fluctuations, ranging from a minimum of 9.15°C in January to a maximum of 37.54°C in August. Salinity concentrations followed a similar pattern, reaching their highest value in August (8.05) and dropping to the lowest level in April (2.58). The potential hydrogen ion exponent (pH) demonstrated a tendency toward alkaline conditions, with peak values recorded in August (8.6). Conversely, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration reached its maximum during January, peaking at 9.875 mg/L, while never falling below the critical threshold of 4 mg/L throughout the study period. Nutrients also displayed distinct variations; nitrate (NO3) concentrations fluctuated between 0.66 mg/L in May and 1.12 mg/L in January, while reactive phosphate (PO4) concentrations mirrored this trend exactly, reaching their minimum in May (0.66 mg/L) after peaking in January (1.12 mg/L). Biological examination revealed an overall sex ratio skewed in favor of females, with 122 males versus 144 females (1 : 1.21). Feeding activity (%) showed clear annual fluctuations, peaking in summer at 87.93% and falling to 80.90 % in winter. Feeding intensity showed a similar pattern, with the lowest level recorded during the winter months (11.73 degree/fish) and the highest level during the summer months (14.11 degree/fish). Dietary analysis proved that P. abu exhibits a detritivorous, benthic-feeding behavior; diatoms occupied the foremost position regarding the Index of Relative Importance (%IRI), constituting 47.23 % of the dietary composition, succeeded by algae at 33.20 % and organic detritus at 11.19 %. In conclusion, the veterinary-sanitary analysis of water quality parameters revealed no exceedances of critical ecotoxicant toxicity thresholds, indicating the overall ecological well-being of the surveyed aquatory and the safety of the habitat for maintaining the optimal physiological status and sustainable reproduction of the P. abu population.
Copyright (c) 2026 К. Д. Л. Аль-Зайді https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks in different countries regarding the production of bacteriophage preparations
The rise of antimicrobial resistance is one of the major global challenges in modern medicine and veterinary practice, necessitating the search for alternative or complementary antimicrobial approaches. Bacteriophages, as viruses that selectively infect bacteria, are considered promising agents for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Despite their significant therapeutic potential, the widespread implementation of phage-based products in clinical and veterinary practice is substantially limited by the lack of unified and clearly defined regulatory mechanisms governing their production, quality control, and use. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the regulatory frameworks governing the manufacture and circulation of bacteriophage products in the European Union, the United States of America, and Ukraine, with a focus on identifying regulatory gaps and determining prospects for the development of legislation in the field of veterinary medicine. The study analyzed current legislative acts, regulatory authority guidelines, pharmacopoeial requirements, and contemporary scientific publications related to phage therapy and the biotechnological production of phage preparations. The results demonstrate that in all reviewed jurisdictions bacteriophages are regulated as biological medicinal products; however, approaches to their legal classification, good manufacturing practice requirements, pharmacopoeial standardization, and clinical evaluation differ significantly. In the European Union, wild-type bacteriophages are considered conventional medicinal products, whereas genetically modified phages may fall under the regulatory framework for advanced therapy medicinal products. In the United States, phage products are subject to centralized regulation as biological medicinal products, with the possibility of individualized use in exceptional clinical cases. In Ukraine, specialized regulatory provisions, pharmacopoeial standards, and distinct regulatory approaches for bacteriophage products are currently lacking. The findings highlight the need for the development and harmonization of national legislation based on international experience to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of bacteriophage products and to establish a legal framework for their implementation in veterinary practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ю. В. Горюк, Г. В. Рудик https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Features of the clinical course of feline cystoisosporosis
The parasitic genus Cystoisospora Frenkel 1977 includes members of the Apicomplexa, morphologically characterized by the presence of oocysts with two sporocysts, each containing four sporozoites. The species Cystoisospora felis (Wenyon 1923) Frenkel 1977 and Cystoisospora rivolta (Grassi 1879) Frenkel 1977 infect the enterocytes of cats and cause the disease cystoisosporosis. Clinical signs resulting from parasitization of cystoisospores are not always specific and are often similar to the manifestations of diseases caused by other intestinal pathogens, which leads to certain difficulties in conducting a comprehensive diagnosis of protozoosis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish the features of clinical manifestations in acute cystoisosporosis in cats. The study was conducted on the basis of the Laboratory of the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary Sanitary Examination of the Poltava State Agrarian University and in the conditions of a Private Veterinary Clinic "ZooLux" (Kyiv). It was found that with cystoisosporosic invasion intensity indicators of more than 500 oocysts in 1 g of feces, infected cats largely displayed such clinical signs as: depression and refusal of food (96.4 %), decreased appetite (92.9 %), dehydration (89.3 %), anemia of visible mucous membranes (85.7 %), dullness of the coat (78.6 %), vomiting (71.4 %), exhaustion (64.3 %) and thirst (60.7 %). Significantly expressed signs of abdominal distension and tenderness of the abdominal wall upon palpation were diagnosed in 21.4 and 39.3 % of cats infected with cystoisospores, respectively. Signs of diarrhea were found in 100 % of animals with cystoisosporosis, where the consistency of feces was of a different nature. The most frequently recorded was a watery consistency of feces (42.9 %), less often – with impurities of mucus (28.6 %) and blood (21.4 %). In 7.1 % of infected cats, diarrhea was accompanied by the presence of both mucus and blood in the feces. The obtained research results allow us to take into account the identified characteristic clinical signs during the diagnosis of cystoisosporosis in cats in order to increase its effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 В. В. Мельничук, Ю. А. Губський https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Epizootiological patterns and age dynamics of protozoan infections in chickens under different production systems
Епізоотологічні особливості та вікова динаміка протозойних інвазій у курей різних напрямів продуктивності
Copyright (c) 2026 М. В. Богач, О. М. Богач, Л. В. Пероцька, Н. П. Сердюк https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of green coffee bean extract supplementation on lipid profile and oxidative stress in female rabbits
Green coffee bean extract (GCBE), derived from raw and unroasted coffee fruits, is a major dietary source of potent polyphenols, primarily chlorogenic acids (CGAs), which provide an array of pharmacological and health benefits due to their high natural antioxidant capacity. The aim of the paper is to determine the effect of feeding an aqueous extract of green coffee bean powder on the lipid profile, which includes total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triacylglycerols (TAG), and also to study its effect on the antioxidant status (GSH, SOD, and MDA) in female rabbits. The investigation was conducted on twenty healthy female rabbits, aged 4–6 months and weighing approximately 1350–1500 g, which were randomly and equally allocated into two experimental groups: a control untreated group receiving a normal diet and water, and a treated group supplemented with the extract. The feeding experiment lasted for a period of two months, from December 1, 2024, to February 1, 2025. The obtained results revealed that GCBE treatment significantly improved the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems, as evidenced by a substantial increase of 42.94 % in glutathione (GSH) levels and a 57.72 % elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p≤0.05) in the green coffee extract-treated group compared to the control untreated group. Concurrently, a significant 17.40 % reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p≤0.05) was observed in the treated group, indicating a notable decrease in lipid peroxidation and systemic oxidative damage. On the other hand, regarding the serum lipid profile, GCBE consumption induced a remarkable 89.49 % increase (p≤0.05) in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels within the treated group compared to the control group, while the other atherogenic lipid parameters showed the exact opposite trend, with significant drops in total cholesterol by 30.48 %, triglycerides by 38.14 %, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 43.81 %, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) by 53.05 %. In conclusion, the administration of green coffee bean extract successfully mitigates oxidative stress, enhances antioxidant defense status, and optimizes healthy cholesterol levels, displaying robust hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic potential in the female rabbit model.
Copyright (c) 2026 С. І. Саліх, Н. А. Алькафаджі, С. Р. Аль-Саеді, Р. Ф. Муса https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diagnosis and comparison of treatment schemes for dermatophytosis in cats in the conditions of the veterinary clinic LLC "Biocenter", Poltava
Feline dermatophytosis is a zoonotic fungal disease caused primarily by fungi of the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. The infection most commonly involves the skin of the face, limbs, and/or tail. In affected animals, dermatophyte infection is characterized by focal alopecia accompanied by erythema and crust formation, a clinical presentation commonly referred to as ringworm. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of dermatophytosis in cats based on data obtained from the “Biocenter” Veterinary Clinic LLC in the city of Poltava, as well as to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of antimycotic agents in feline dermatophytosis. Overall, during 2023–2024, microscopic and luminescent examinations were performed on 282 samples of pathological material collected from affected animals. Age- and breed-related susceptibility was assessed, while seasonal dynamics were analyzed throughout 2024. Analysis of epidemiological data revealed that the proportion of registered dermatophytosis cases among the total number of animals with infectious pathology accounted for 77.2 % in 2023 and 69.8 % in 2024. Dermatophytosis was diagnosed more frequently in cats under 1 year of age (60.0 %), with mixed-breed animals being the most susceptible (71.0 %). In the structure of feline morbidity, mycoses caused by fungi of the genus Microsporum predominated and were detected in 67.73 % of infected animals. The course of the disease was characterized by pronounced seasonality, with a higher incidence observed during the summer-autumn period. Clinical evaluation of feline dermatomycoses under the conditions of the “Biocenter” Veterinary Clinic in Poltava showed that affected animals exhibited clearly defined lesions predominantly localized on the head, neck, and rump. In cases of the deep form of the disease, extensive areas of involvement with poorly demarcated borders were observed. The developed treatment regimen combining the vaccine “Biofel-M” with the topical preparation “Sanoderm” demonstrated the highest therapeutic efficacy (10 %).
Copyright (c) 2026 М. С. Коне, О. В. Кручиненко, М. О. Петренко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of ectoparasites on domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) in Karbala province, Iraq
Ectoparasitic arthropods inhabiting the skin or feathers of avian hosts utilize them for shelter and sustenance, considerably affecting animal health and flock productivity. This study investigated the prevalence, diversity, and intensity indices of ectoparasites infesting domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Karbala Province, Iraq. The survey was conducted from January 2025 to June 2025 across five districts representing northern, central, and southern geographical zones. A total of 100 domestic pigeons, comprising 63 males and 37 females, were purchased from local markets and clinically examined. Ectoparasites were collected manually, preserved in 70 % ethyl alcohol, cleared in 10 % potassium hydroxide solution, mounted in Canada balsam, and morphologically identified under a digital stereomicroscope. A total of 481 ectoparasites were collected from the 100 pigeons, revealing an exceptionally high overall prevalence of 99 % and a mean abundance of 4.81 parasites per bird. Seven distinct chewing lice species were identified within the recovered parasitic community, which was significantly dominated by Campanulotes bidentatus (54.89 %), followed by Hohorstiella lata (23.91 %) and Columbicola columbae (17.26 %). The remaining species included Columbicola tschulyschman (0.83 %), Columbicola bidentatus (0.42 %), Myrsidea sp. (2.49 %), and Colpocephalum turbinatum (0.21 %). Statistical analysis via the Chi-square test revealed no significant association between ectoparasite prevalence and host sex (χ² = 1.72; P = 0.19). Multiple-species infestations were highly common, with 63 % of the pigeons harboring more than one ectoparasite species, distributed as single (34 %), double (44 %), and triple (19 %) infections. The calculated mean intensity varied among species, with Hohorstiella lata (8.214) and Campanulotes bidentatus (6.947) displaying the highest values. Clinically, infested pigeons exhibited poor, rough feather conditions and restlessness. These findings demonstrate that domestic pigeons in Karbala serve as major reservoirs for diverse chewing lice, highlighting the potential risks for parasite transmission to other avian hosts, including poultry. Consequently, there is an immediate need to enhance local management practices through regular ectoparasiticide applications, improved loft sanitation, and periodic surveillance to effectively protect avian health.
Copyright (c) 2026 А. Ялдрум, Б. Ф. Альбарзанджі, Д. Ф. Сабер, М. Джавад, Ф. Алалі, А. Ш. М. Альхеснаві https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ecological determinants of bee pollen quality in Ukraine
The article presents the results of monitoring the organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of bee-collected pollen depending on the natural and climatic conditions of Ukraine. The research material consisted of 126 samples of bee-collected pollen collected from regions representing Polissia, the Forest-Steppe, the Steppe, and the Ukrainian Carpathians. Quality assessment was carried out in accordance with the requirements of DSTU 3127–95, taking into account the provisions of the international standard ISO 24382:2023 and applying methods of variation statistics (all differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05). It was established that 100 % of the examined samples complied with the regulatory requirements for organoleptic characteristics (external appearance, color, taste, specific odor, and consistency of granules with a mass of 5–20 mg).The moisture content of bee-collected pollen from all natural and climatic zones did not exceed the maximum permissible level of 10 %; however, the highest mean values were recorded in the Polissia (9.01 %) and Steppe (8.97 %) zones. In the Forest-Steppe and Carpathian zones, a lower mean moisture content was recorded – 8.52 % and 8.55 %, respectively. Analysis of active acidity revealed clear interzonal differences: the lowest pH values were characteristic of the Forest-Steppe zone (4.82), while in the Steppe zone, the indicator was 4.96. In the Polissia (5.08 %) and Carpathian (5.17) zones, the parameter approached the maximum permissible level (pH≤5.3), creating a potential risk of reduced microbiological stability in individual product batches. Overall across Ukraine, the mean active acidity value was 5.01, and 7–9 % of the examined samples failed to comply with the regulatory requirements for the pH parameter (having pH>5.3). The crude protein content depended significantly on the natural and climatic zone of pollen origin and was characterized by substantial inter- and intrazonal variability. The lowest mean protein values were established in the Polissia zone (16.4 %), and the highest – in the Forest-Steppe zone (26.8 %), reflecting the influence of the botanical composition of pollen, agroecological conditions, and the diversity of pollen resources. In the Steppe zone, the crude protein content was 19.3 %, and in the Carpathian zone – 23.1 %. On average across Ukraine, the crude protein content was 21.5 %, which corresponds to literature data, but a significant proportion of samples, especially from Polissia and the Steppe, did not reach the minimum regulatory values of DSTU. The obtained results confirm the appropriateness of a zonal approach to assessing the quality and nutritional value of bee-collected pollen and indicate the decisive role of technological factors of post-harvest processing in ensuring its compliance with standards. Comprehensive monitoring of physicochemical parameters combined with the harmonization of national requirements with international standards is a necessary condition for increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian bee-collected pollen.
Copyright (c) 2026 С. В. Фурман, Л. О. Адамчук, Я. Бріндза, Д. В. Лісогурська, О. В. Лісогурська, І. Є. Іванова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Clinical development and curative efficacy of “Exolium” gel in complex therapy purulent and necrotic processes in the digit region of cows
Purulent necrotic injuries of cows’ digit region remain one of the most widespread surgical pathologies of the distal extremities’ section in cattle and lead to considerable economic losses as a result of lameness and lowering productivity. The purpose of the research was to find out the spread and clinical development of purulent necrotic processes in the digit region of cows as well as experimental substantiation of the curative efficacy of “Exolium” gel application in the complex therapy as compared to the traditional treatment order. The study was conducted on “Kavetsky” farm of Korosten district, Zhytomyr region from September 2025 to January 2026. During clinical examination of 350 cows, the injuries of the distal extremities’ section was revealed in 32 cows (9.1 % of the livestock). In the structure of surgical pathology, digital dermatitis (Mortellaro disease) – 28.1 % and purulent pododermatites – 25.0 % prevailed. More seldom skin wounds and ulcers of interdigital cleft, phlegmonous processes and purulent podarthrites were registered. Heifers and first-calf cows were the most affected with the localization of the pathological process mainly on the pelvis extremities. To estimate the therapeutic efficacy, the experimental and control groups of animals (n=6) were formed. After orthopaedic clearing of hooves and surgical sanitation, in the experimental group “Exolium” gel was used locally and ketoprofene intramuscularly, and in the control group “Unisan” ointment and “Ainil” preparation injections were administered. The use of “Exolium” gel ensured the decrease in the signs of lameness on the 4.3 day (in comparison with the 7.1 day in the control group; P<0.001) and the complete elimination of dead tissues in 6.5 days (P<0.001). The appearance of granulations and epithelization in the experimental group was registered on the 8.1 day, while in the control group – only on the 13.3 day (P<0.001). The general time of the complete recovery at applying “Exolium” gel was reduced by 4–6 days and made 12.3 days as compared to 16.3 days in the control group (P<0.001), which was accompanied by restoring of the animals’motional activity by 45.2 % more than in the control. “Exolium” gel is the effective component in the complex therapy and is recommended for the treatment of purulent necrotic injuries of cows’ hooves in production conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ю. В. Ковальчук, С. В. Гуральська, Г. П. Грищук, О. В. Пінський, Т. С. Буднік, В. В. Карпюк https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of the proposed method for preparation and staining of fecal smears during laboratory diagnostics of giardiasis in dogs
Giardia duodenalis is an important gastrointestinal pathogen in dogs as well as humans. The prevalence of giardiasis varies depending on the age, clinical condition, housing, and geographic region of the animals examined, as well as the laboratory method used to detect the pathogen. For the diagnosis of protozoosis, microscopic methods for rapid detection of cysts and trophozoites, immunological and molecular modern methods with high sensitivity and specificity are used. At the same time, improving microscopy technology, which can increase the efficiency of diagnosing giardiasis, reducing time and costs, is a relevant area of research. The aim of the research was to test the proposed method of preparing and staining fecal smears for microscopic detection of the causative agent of giardiasis in dogs. The research was conducted in the conditions of the Private Veterinary Clinic "ZooLux" (Kyiv) and the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Poltava State Agrarian University (Poltava). The method of making wet smears using saline solution, the method using iodine-glycerin solution, and the proposed method were tested in a comparative aspect. The high diagnostic sensitivity of the proposed method was established, which ensured 100 % detection of the pathogen in samples taken from dogs. In terms of the intensity of invasion, the proposed method exceeded the effectiveness of the method using iodine-glycerin solution by 7.2 % and the method of making wet smears using saline solution by 1.6 times (P<0.001). It was determined that the advantage of the proposed method of preparing and staining dog feces smears during laboratory diagnostics of giardiasis is the possibility of their long-term storage and transportation. This allows obtaining reliable results, even with delayed testing, while maintaining stable pathogen morphology and high quality smear staining. The obtained research results allow us to recommend the proposed method of staining dog feces smears to increase the efficiency of giardies detection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Р. А. Противень https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Clinical and hematological features of acute and chronic otitis in dogs
The study presents the clinical features and hematological alterations in peripheral blood of dogs with acute and chronic inflammation of the external auditory canal. The relevance of the research is determined by the high prevalence of otitis in companion animals and the need to identify reliable and objective laboratory criteria for assessing the stage and severity of the inflammatory process. The aim of the study was to perform a comparative clinical and hematological analysis and to identify characteristic patterns of changes in peripheral blood parameters in dogs with acute and chronic otitis. The study was conducted at the Department of Infectious Pathology, Hygiene, Sanitation and Biosafety and at the Shared Research Facilities Center “One Health in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine”. Three groups of dogs were formed for the investigation (10 animals per group): a clinically healthy control group, a group with acute otitis, and a group with chronic otitis. Hematological examinations were performed using the AI-100VET Awalife automated multifunctional hematology analyzer. Acute otitis was characterized by pronounced pain and intense pruritus in 100% of animals, as well as hyperemia and edema of the external auditory canal epithelium in 80 % of dogs. At the systemic level, these changes were accompanied by a significant increase (p<0.05) in total leukocyte count by 57.8 %, an increase in neutrophil proportion by 25.8 %, relative lymphopenia (43.3 % decrease), and a threefold elevation in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) compared with the control group. Chronic otitis was associated with less pronounced pain but was characterized by irreversible structural alterations, including thickening of the auditory canal walls (100 %) and canal stenosis (70 %). Hematological examination of dogs with chronic otitis revealed moderate leukocytosis (31.1 % higher than in controls, p<0.05) and persistent suppression of erythropoiesis. A significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration by 9.0 % (p<0.05) and erythrocyte count by 10.8 % was recorded, indicating the development of anemia. The obtained results may contribute to the optimization of diagnostic monitoring protocols in clinical veterinary medicine and provide an objective and comprehensive assessment of the severity of systemic involvement and endogenous intoxication in animals with diseases of the auditory apparatus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Д. А. Плеханов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Histological and histochemical study of oxidative stress effects on pancreatic tissue in diabetic rats and the protective role of Nigella sativa extract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by severe hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action, with oxidative stress driving its pathogenesis via pancreatic beta-cell destruction. This study investigated histopathological and histochemical alterations in the pancreatic tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and evaluated the cytoprotective efficacy of a Nigella sativa (black seed) aqueous extract. Forty adult male Wistar albino rats (200–250 g) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 each): Group I (Normal Control), Group II (Diabetic Control; induced with a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg), Group III (diabetic rats treated orally with 400 mg/kg/day of Nigella sativa extract for 8 weeks), and Group IV (normal rats treated with the extract). Pancreatic tissues were processed for Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Masson's trichrome, Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin, and immunohistochemical detection of insulin and glucagon, alongside tissue oxidative stress marker quantification (MDA, SOD, CAT, GPx). Streptozotocin-treated rats exhibited severe histopathological alterations (P<0.001), including a 75.0 % reduction in islet density, a 66.6 % decrease in islet cross-sectional area, extensive periinsular and interlobular fibrosis, and severe depletion of both PAS-positive glycoproteins and insulin-immunoreactive beta cells. These structural changes directly correlated with a significant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.001) and a concurrent decline in SOD, CAT, and GPx antioxidant activities (P<0.001). Daily oral administration of Nigella sativa extract in Group III significantly attenuated these microstructural and biochemical abnormalities (P<0.001). The treatment preserved near-normal islet architecture, reduced connective tissue deposition more than twofold, and drove a substantial 2.1-fold recovery in functional insulin expression relative to the untreated diabetic group. These findings demonstrate that chronic oxidative stress induces profound structural and histochemical damage to both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, whereas Nigella sativa extract exerts a potent cytoprotective effect mediated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties, confirming its therapeutic potential as an effective complementary strategy in managing diabetes mellitus and preventing secondary pancreatic complications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Р. Г. Нада, Е. М. Магді, С. Ф. Г. Абас, Б. Х. Хамід https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Selected aspects of allergy in dogs and cats (prevalence, hematological and biochemical profiles, treatment)
Allergy in dogs and cats is a problem for animals, their owners and veterinarians. Recently, due to changes in ecology conditions, a variety of feeds, food additives, drugs etc., its prevalence has been increasing. The aim of our research was to study the prevalence of allergy in dogs and cats, hematological and biochemical indices of the blood of animals and their treatment for skin manifestations using a natural ecologically clean solution of Poltava bischofite. It is used for the first time in this work for skin manifestations of allergy in dogs and cats. The studies were performed in the Veterinary Clinic «Zooprofi» (Korosten) and the Scientific and Advisory Center «Poltava Bischofite» of Poltava State Agrarian University. During the work, clinical, hematological, biochemical, dermatological and statistical research methods were used. From the animals sick with skin manifestations of allergy control and experimental groups were formed. The treatment of the control group animals included standard therapeutic pattern. The standard pattern of the experimental group has additionally included solution of Poltava bischofite. It was used diluted with distilled water one to one, once a day, applied to the affected area of the skin. During the observation period including allergic diseases of animals accounted for 16% of all visit to the clinic. Of these, about 61.7 % were in dogs and 38.3 % in cats. The most common clinical manifestations of allergies were: itching, frequent licking, paw bites, erythema and skin rashes, otitis, allergic conjunctivitis. In dogs, the following were most often diagnosed atopic dermatitis (40.5 %), food allergy (32.4 %), allergy to ectoparasites bites (18.9 %), rare forms of allergy including detergents, drugs, etc. (8.2 %) In cats, the most common were allergy to ectoparasites bites (43.5 %), food allergy (30.4 %), atopic dermatitis (17.4 %), rare forms of allergy (8.7 %). In the blood of sick animals with skin manifestations of allergy, an increase in the level of eosinophils, band neutrophils, total leukocytes count, ESR, total protein, ALT and AST was observed. When treating animals with skin manifestations of allergies using a solution of Poltava bischofite, the effectiveness was 23 % higher than the control. The results of the scientific study have practical value for veterinary doctors who ensure animal welfare.
Copyright (c) 2026 О. Б. Киричко, А. О. Кирилович, О. В. Тітаренко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative histological evaluation of topical repair cream and systemic Omega-3 supplementation on canine skin wound healing
Cutaneous wound management represents a significant clinical challenge in veterinary medicine, directly impacting the quality of life and recovery rate in canine patients. Successful dermal restoration requires advanced therapeutic strategies capable of accelerating tissue regeneration, minimizing scar formation, and restoring the natural structural integrity of the skin barrier. Consequently, evaluating the efficacy of diverse treatments remains essential for optimizing dermatological protocols. This study aimed to evaluate the histological effects of a topical Cicalfate⁺ repair cream on skin wound healing in dogs and to compare its efficacy with Omega-3 supplementation. Full-thickness cutaneous wounds measuring 3 × 3 cm were experimentally induced in the dorsal back area of twelve healthy male dogs under general anesthesia induced by atropine sulfate (0.04 mg/kg, SC), ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, IV), and xylazine (2 mg/kg, IM). The animals were randomly divided into three groups: group (A) treated with Cicalfate⁺ repair cream topically twice daily, group (B) treated with a single daily oral dose of Omega-3 (300 mg), and group (C) left untreated as a control. At designated time a skin biopsies were collected under general anesthesia on days 3, 7, and 14 post-wounding, while animals remained alive throughout the experimental period. Full-thickness skin samples were processed for histological and histometrical examination to assess the thickness of the epidermal layers (stratum corneum and stratum spinosum), dermal thickness, and dermal papillae development. Morphometric analysis on day 14 revealed that Cicalfate⁺ treatment promoted balanced epidermal maturation, achieving a physiological stratum corneum thickness of 19.22±0.18 µm, which prevented the hyperkeratosis observed in group C (51.03±0.14 µm) and the severe thinning seen in group B (7.35±0.25 µm) (P≤0.05). Furthermore, group A demonstrated the most prominent tissue restructuring, with a significantly greater stratum spinosum thickness (60.37±2.52 µm) and dermal thickness (191.35±0.49 µm) compared to group B (7.34±0.38 µm and 88.32±0.3 µm) and group C (9.26±0.27 µm and (47.18±0.17 µm, respectively; P≤0.05). In conclusion, the topical repair cream significantly enhanced the histological features of skin wound healing in dogs compared with Omega-3 treatment and untreated controls. The findings suggest that the repair cream promotes balanced epidermal regeneration, effective dermal remodeling, and improved dermo-epidermal integration with enhanced vascular supply, nutrient delivery, and increased cellularity, making it a promising therapeutic option for enhancing cutaneous wound healing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Х. Н. Альхаліссі https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effect of citrate Se on the biochemical parameters of rabbit blood
The research was conducted at a private rabbit farm on young rabbits of the Termon breed (Hylla). The rabbits were grouped according to similar characteristics (age, body weight, clinical condition) into groups of 5–6 animals, with an average body weight of 1,000–1,200 g. Selenium citrate was obtained from Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies LLC, Kyiv. At 45 days of age, the animals were divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups. The rabbits in the control group were fed a standard pelleted feed and given unlimited access to water in accordance with current regulatory requirements for the feeding and housing of rabbits in commercial settings. The experimental group, in addition to and drinking water, received an aqueous solution of nanotechnology-based selenium citrate at a concentration of 50 μg Se/L throughout the day. Accordingly, the second experimental group received selenium citrate at a concentration of 100 μg Se/L; the third experimental group received selenium citrate at a concentration of 200 μg Se/L. During the experimental period (on days 15 and 30 of the study), daily monitoring was conducted to assess survival, growth rate, and development. Parameters of the platelet component of hemostasis (platelet count, mean platelet volume, hematocrit, platelet distribution width) and the antioxidant system (GPL, TBA-active products, SOD, catalase) in rabbit blood plasma were determined using standard methods. The administration of selenium citrate at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg Se/L resulted in an increase in platelet parameters in the blood of the experimental groups of rabbits, accompanied by a decrease in lipid peroxidation products. The addition of selenium citrate to the rabbits’ diet was associated with increased activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in their blood throughout the study period, with a statistically significant increase in catalase activity (P<0.05–0.001) in the blood of rabbits in the experimental groups on days 15 and 30 of the study and superoxide dismutase (P<0.05) in animals in the experimental groups on day 30 of the study. The inclusion of selenium citrate in the rabbits’ diet contributed to a reduction in blood cholesterol levels: by day 15, cholesterol levels in animals from experimental groups II and III were 1.6 and 1.4 times lower, respectively (P<0.05), and on day 30 – by 22.8 % and 30.1 % (P<0.05) compared to the control group.
Copyright (c) 2026 О. В. Проданчук https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cryptorchidism in dogs and cats: Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment
Cryptorchidism is a spread hereditary pathology of dogs and cats, which is characterized by inability of one or both testicles to hang low into the gate, causes the sterility of males, upsetting the behavior, and increases the risk of developing testicles’ neoplasia and torsion of testicular cord. The purpose of the study was to establish the spreading of cryptorchidism among dogs and cats, improve the pathology diagnostics, and optimize the tactics of surgical treatment of animals suffering from cryptorchidism. The work was conducted in training scientific and production clinic of veterinary medicine at Poltava State Agrarian University. The diagnostics was carried out by the complex method including clinical examination, palpation, ultrasound examination of the inguinal canal and abdominal cavity, and if necessary, determining the concentration of testosterone in the blood serum by the method of immune-enzyme analysis and diagnostic laparotomy. The treatment of animals was conducted by orchidectomy, in particular, with the use of median laparotomy in case of the abdominal form of the pathology. It was found that during 2023–2025, cryptorchidism was registered in 0.65 % (р≤0.05) of all dog diseases and 0.63 % (р≤0.05) among cats with the tendency to the annual growth of the disease indicator. The pathology was more often revealed in young dogs aged from 5 months to 3 years of small-size breeds (Pomeranians – 20 %, toy-terriers, chihuahua and Maltese lap-dogs – 13.3 % in each), and in cats aged about 1 year (British – 26 %, Scottish Fold – 26 %, Scottish Straight – 20 %). Unilateral cryptorchidism (73.3 %) predomonated in dogs with mainly right-side inguinal localization of testicles (46.7 %), while bilateral form was found in 26.6 % of cases. Unilateral form also prevailed over bilateral in cats (73 % and 26.6 %, respectively) with the localization of the left testicle prescrotally (55 %) or in the inguinal canal (36.3 %). The level of testosterone in dogs in case of abdominal form made 2.13 nmol/l, which is lower than the norm, but higher than the indicator in castrated animals. A high diagnostic value of revealing androgen dependent keratinized spinules on the genital organ of cats was proven as a marker of cryptorchidism at the absence of testicles in the gate. Structural changes in the retarded glands were not found at sonographic and microscopic examinations; the cases of neoplasia or torsion of the cord were also not revealed. The practical value of the paper consists in substantiating the algorithm of early diagnostics and timely surgical testectomy of the retarded genital glands to prevent complications dangerous for the life of animals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Т. Г. Панасова, Б. П. Киричко, С. М. Кулинич, К. Ю. Шепель https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green synthesis of Iron nanoparticles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from soil and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against pathogenic bacteria
Fifty-four soil samples were collected from various sites (agricultural, oil-polluted, riverbank, and animal dung-contaminated soils) in northern Basrah, southern Iraq, between September 18 and November 28, 2022. The specimens were transported to the laboratory within 3 hours, serially diluted, and cultivated on selective media. The screening indicated that 28 samples (51.9 %) exhibited positive bacterial growth. Phenotypic and molecular identification via PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (~1400 bp) revealed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8 isolates), Escherichia coli (7 isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4 isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (4 isolates), Bacillus cereus (3 isolates), and Bacillus subtilis (2 isolates). Among these, a dominant P. aeruginosa isolate was successfully utilized for the green biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs). The successful formation of biogenic FeNPs was initially indicated by a rapid color transition from yellow to dark brown. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed nanoparticle synthesis with a sharp surface plasmon resonance peak at 304 nm, while FT-IR spectroscopy verified the definitive metal-oxygen (Fe–O) stretching bond at 589.97 cm⁻¹ along with capping bacterial functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated a predominantly spherical nanoparticle morphology with a well-defined representative particle size of 22.83 nm. The quantitative microtiter plate and Congo red agar assays confirmed that the pathogenic isolates possessed a robust baseline capacity for biofilm formation. The biosynthesized FeNPs exhibited exceptional, concentration-dependent antibiofilm efficacy, achieving characteristically high biofilm inhibition rates of up to 91.64 % at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL. Furthermore, the nanoparticles displayed potent antibacterial activity via the agar well diffusion method, with inhibition zones expanding proportionally with concentration and reaching a maximum diameter of 21.0 mm against P. aeruginosa. These collective findings suggest that biosynthesized iron nanoparticles could serve as highly effective, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly nano-antimicrobials for mitigating multidrug-resistant pathogens and persistent biofilm-associated infections.
Copyright (c) 2026 І. Дж. Аббасс, Е. А. Аль-Імара, Д. А. Альхасан https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reproductive capacity of bee queens and bee productivity under germanium citrate supplementation
This research paper provides a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of using innovative trace-element supplements in beekeeping to stimulate the biological potential of bees and improve the quality of the products obtained. The study was conducted on Carpathian honeybees at a private apiary in the Zakarpattia Oblast during the fall and spring seasons. The experiment was conducted on two groups of comparable bee colonies, with five colonies in each group. Bees in the first control group were fed 60 % sugar syrup at a rate of 2 L per colony per week. The bees in the second experimental group additionally received 0.1 μg/mL of Ge in the form of citrate, produced using nanotechnology by Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies LLC in Kyiv. The egg-laying intensity of queen bees was determined by counting the number of sealed brood using a mesh frame, while the following quality parameters were analyzed in honey samples: proline content, diastase activity, water content, and pH. During the study period, queen bees in the control and experimental groups laid 47,993 and 50,685 eggs, respectively. Clear intergroup differences in egg-laying were observed: the number of eggs laid per day in the experimental group was 2.3 % higher than in the control group over the experimental period, and at the peak of the second stage, the total number of eggs was 10.7 % higher than in the control group (p<0.05). The results of the spring inspection indicated an increase in colony survival to 100% compared to 90% in the control group, a 1.6-fold increase in colony strength to 6.67 frames compared to 4.25 in the control group (p<0.01), and a nearly twofold decrease in the weight of dead bees to 100.0 g compared to 195.2 g (p<0.01). Nanotechnology-based supplementation resulted in a statistically significant increase in the physicochemical parameters of honey: the proline content rose to 346.46 mg/kg compared to 312.85 mg/kg (p<0.001), and the diastase number increased to 11.20 Gothe units compared to 10.50 Gothe units Gotte units (p<0.05), and the mass fraction of water decreased to 17.04 % compared to 18.13 % in the control group. The organoleptic characteristics of the honey complied with the standards of DSTU 4497:2005. The results obtained confirm the feasibility of using germanium citrate to stimulate the vital activity of bee colonies, enhance the reproductive capacity of queens, and increase the yield of marketable honey by 6.0 kg per colony.
Copyright (c) 2026 І. І. Ковальчук, Т. М. Химинець https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The impact of idiopathic epilepsy on sleep quality in dogs: A replication study and validation of the SNoRE questionnaire in Ukraine
This replication study evaluated the specific characteristics of sleep quality in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy compared to clinically healthy animals within the context of Ukrainian veterinary practice. The study is grounded in the hypothesis of a complex bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and sleep disorders, a phenomenon well-documented in human medicine but remaining insufficiently investigated in the veterinary field. The research was conducted between 2024 and 2025 at the "ANIMALIA" veterinary clinic in Dnipro, Ukraine. The study sample consisted of sixty-four dogs distributed into two equal groups using a case-control design: the main group (n=32) comprising dogs with a confirmed idiopathic epilepsy diagnosis matching the Tier II confidence level according to the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force guidelines, and a control group (n=32) of healthy dogs, strictly matched by age, sex, and breed characteristics. Data collection was performed using the owner-based validated Sleep and Nighttime Restlessness Evaluation questionnaire. The results revealed statistically significant differences in total sleep quality scores between the two groups. Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy demonstrated a significantly higher median total score of 12 with an interquartile range of 6–33, compared to a median score of 8 with an interquartile range of 6–22 in the control group (p<0.001), indicating substantial sleep impairment. Detailed factor analysis clarified that the decrease in sleep quality was driven exclusively by Factor 1 (Sleep Quality), which includes the ability to fall asleep and sleep continuity; the median score in the study group was 9 against 5 in the control group (p<0.001). Conversely, no significant differences were found for Factor 2 (Sleep Interruption due to Dreaming), with both groups showing a median score of 2 (p=0.99), suggesting the preservation of rapid eye movement sleep stability. Furthermore, the study investigated potential correlations with clinical variables. No statistically significant association was found between sleep quality scores and seizure frequency (p=0.73), the presence of cluster seizures (p=0.22), or the number and type of antiseizure medications administered (p=0.77). However, subjective owner reports indicated that 68.8% of dogs experience changes in sleep patterns during the postictal phase, with the majority (59.5 %) showing hypersomnia, likely reflecting a compensatory neural recovery mechanism. The findings confirm the clinical utility of the Sleep and Nighttime Restlessness Evaluation questionnaire as a sensitive screening tool for detecting non-motor comorbidities in canine epilepsy. The study highlights that sleep disturbances in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy should be regarded as an independent pathological feature rather than a direct consequence of pharmacotherapy. These results emphasize the necessity of integrating routine sleep assessment into standard management protocols for veterinary neurological patients to improve their overall quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2026 А. А. Богдан, Н. І. Суслова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pathomorphological changes of the hepatorenal system in dogs with babesiosis
Canine babesiosis is a highly relevant parasitic disease characterized by systemic involvement of the organism and the development of severe complications associated with massive intravascular hemolysis. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological features of liver and kidney alterations in dogs affected by babesiosis and to analyze the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of these changes. A comprehensive approach was applied, including necropsy examination, macroscopic assessment, and histological analysis of liver and kidney samples obtained from infected animals, followed by microscopic evaluation of structural alterations. The study demonstrated that hepatic lesions develop as a consequence of intravascular hemolysis, which triggers a cascade of toxic–hypoxic disturbances accompanied by endogenous intoxication, endothelial injury, and microcirculatory disorders manifested as stasis and sludge phenomena. Progressive hepatocellular hypoxia leads to granular and vacuolar degeneration, followed by necrobiotic and necrotic changes with disruption of hepatic trabecular architecture. In addition, sinusoidal congestion, cholestasis, and hemosiderin accumulation were observed, reflecting the intensity of hemolytic processes. Renal lesions were characterized by organ enlargement, venous congestion, and interstitial edema. Histologically, pronounced microcirculatory disturbances were observed, including capillary hyperemia, stasis, partial glomerular collapse, and dilation of Bowman’s space. The most severe alterations were detected in the tubular epithelium, where granular and vacuolar degeneration, epithelial desquamation, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis were present, along with the formation of hemoglobin pigment casts within tubular lumina. These changes corresponded to acute tubular necrosis and hemoglobinuric nephrosis, leading to the development of acute renal failure. The obtained results indicate that morphological alterations in the liver and kidneys in babesiosis are systemic in nature and result from the combined effects of hemolytic intoxication, hypoxia, and microcirculatory disorders. These mechanisms form the basis of hepatorenal syndrome and largely determine disease severity and high mortality in affected dogs. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of babesiosis pathogenesis and may be useful for improving diagnostic approaches and prognostic assessment in veterinary practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Н. В. Калюжний https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of renal tissue in rats following chronic low-dose cadmium exposure and the nephroprotective potential of N-acetylcysteine
Cadmium is a nephrotoxic heavy metal that progressively accumulates within renal tissue, inducing structural injury. This study evaluated the histopathological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical effects of chronic low-dose cadmium exposure on rat kidneys and investigated the nephroprotective potential of N-acetylcysteine. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control; cadmium chloride (0.5 mg/kg orally twice weekly for eight weeks); and cadmium chloride concurrently with N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally). Renal sections were processed for hematoxylin-eosin, Periodic Acid–Schiff, and Masson’s trichrome staining, and for immunohistochemical localization of Caspase-3 and Ki-67. Quantitative morphometric analysis demonstrated that chronic cadmium exposure increased the kidney-to-body weight ratio by 29.6 %, reduced mean glomerular diameter by 22 % (82.4±3.1 versus 105.6±4.2 micrometers; p=0.004), caused a 38 % decrease in tubular lumen area (p<0.001), and triggered a 4.1-fold expansion of interstitial fibrosis (15.8 ± 1.2% versus 3.9±0.5 %; p=0.001). Immunohistochemical data revealed that cadmium provoked a 3.2-fold elevation in Caspase-3 expression (18.2±2.1 % versus 5.6±1.0 %; p=0.002) and a 45% suppression of the Ki-67 proliferative labeling index (9.3±1.4 % versus 17.0±1.8 %; p=0.008), indicating accelerated apoptosis and compromised regeneration. A strong positive correlation was identified between interstitial fibrosis and Caspase-3 expression (Pearson r = 0.89, p<0.001). Co-administration of N-acetylcysteine significantly attenuated these alterations: interstitial fibrosis was reduced by 62% (6.7±0.9 %; p=0.003), mean glomerular diameter was partially restored to 96.1±3.8 micrometers, tubular lumen area recovered to 61.2±2.9 % (p=0.02), Caspase-3 expression decreased to 8.3±1.2 % (p=0.01), and the Ki-67 labeling index rose to 13.5±1.3 % (p=0.04). Collectively, these findings prove that chronic cadmium exposure induces apoptosis-driven fibrosis, whereas N-acetylcysteine provides substantial nephroprotection by suppressing cell death, preventing fibrosis, and partial restoring proliferative capacity.
Copyright (c) 2026 М. А. Чаян, С. Р. Фадхіл, К. З. Алсаїд https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0