Formation of symbiotic activity of soybean depending on plant irrigation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2025.28.04.10Keywords:
soybean, seeds, quality, irrigation, yield, Forest-Steppe of UkraineAbstract
The study investigated the effects of different irrigation regimes on productivity, symbiotic activity, and seed quality formation of soybean (Glycine max (L.)) under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Field experiments were conducted during 2023–2025 at the experimental field of Uman National University. The aim of the research was to identify an optimal soil moisture regime that ensures high yield and effective biological nitrogen fixation while minimizing irrigation water consumption. The experimental design included four irrigation treatments: a non-irrigated control, limited irrigation (50 % of field capacity), moderate irrigation (70 %), and full irrigation (100 %). Irrigation was applied when soil moisture in the plow layer decreased to 60–65 % of field capacity. Total irrigation rates ranged from 1,200 to 2,400 m³/ha depending on the treatment. After irrigation, soil moisture increased to 28–32 % under moderate irrigation and to 30–33 % under full irrigation, creating favorable conditions for plant growth and reproductive development. Soybean yield increased proportionally with irrigation level and reached a maximum of 3.05 t/ha under full irrigation. However, moderate irrigation provided a yield of 2.90 t/ha, which was statistically comparable while reducing water consumption by 25 %, indicating higher water-use efficiency. Irrigation also significantly enhanced symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Seed inoculation with the biological preparation Rhizogumin-Plus stimulated nodule formation and nitrogen fixation in both studied cultivars (ES Mentor and Halleck). At the optimal concentration of 0.75 %, nodule mass in ES Mentor increased from 0.36 to 0.49 g per plant, and nitrogen fixation rose from 77.38 to 79.06 kg/ha. The Halleck cultivar exhibited higher overall symbiotic activity, with nodule mass reaching 0.91 g per plant and nitrogen fixation of 124.56 kg/ha. The results demonstrate that maintaining soil moisture at 70–80 % of field capacity in combination with biological inoculation ensures balanced interaction between water availability and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, promotes protein-rich seed formation, and improves environmental sustainability. Moderate irrigation combined with seed inoculation is therefore recommended as a resource-efficient strategy for soybean cultivation in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine.
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