Biological and chemical control of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) pests under conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2025.28.04.09Keywords:
adaptive strategy, harmfulness, varietal resistance, infestation level, Agromyzidae, Bruchus pisorum, Delia platura, Helicoverpa armigeraAbstract
Chickpea is a strategically important pulse crop, the expansion of its acreage being constrained by a complex of pests whose harmfulness intensity significantly increases under conditions of global climate change and increased hydrothermal stress. The aim of the study was to investigate the population dynamics of key chickpea phytophages and to evaluate the effectiveness of biological and chemical protection systems on the Zekhavit and Kira varieties. Field studies were conducted on experimental plots in the Myrhorod district of the Poltava region during 2023–2024. The objects of the study were two chickpea varieties: Zekhavit and Kira. The subject of the research covered the dynamics of spread, species composition, and the degree of harmfulness of the phytophage complex, as well as the comparative effectiveness of biological and chemical insecticidal protection schemes. It was established that in the extremely droughty year of 2024, the total plant infestation index on the control variants increased by 26–28 % compared to 2023. This increase was directly caused by a significant rise in the population of dominant pests such as the leaf miner fly, thrips, and moths. A comparison of the varieties revealed that the Kira variety demonstrated higher natural resistance to the pest complex compared to the Zekhavit variety in the unprotected plots. However, the application of any protection measures, particularly the chemical ones, leveled the detected varietal differences, indicating the dominant influence of the protection system over varietal characteristics in years of high risk. The biological scheme, based on the use of entomopathogenic agents, provided an average reduction in the total infestation index by 44–46 %. Its effectiveness was sufficient against leaf miner flies, thrips, and moths, but its overall performance noticeably decreased during droughty periods due to unfavorable conditions for the viability and reproduction of biological agents. The chemical protection scheme demonstrated the highest stability and effectiveness, achieving a reduction in the infestation level by 72–74 % regardless of the variety and agro-climatic conditions. The obtained results highlight the strategic necessity of transitioning to an adaptive chickpea protection system, in which biological agents are recommended under moderate pest pressure, while the timely use of chemical insecticides is necessary to stabilize yields and combating extreme outbreaks of harmfulness under moisture-deficit conditions.
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