Assessment of disease resistance, yield and seed quality of modern soybean varieties
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2025.28.04.08Keywords:
soybean, variety, resistance, diseases, fusarium, ascochytosis, peronosporosis, bacteriosis, septoria, yieldAbstract
Soybean is an extremely important crop for the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. The key components of soybean varietal diversity include high yield, seed quality, ecological resistance to adverse environmental factors, as well as economic feasibility of cultivation. The article analyzes soybean variety resources in terms of resistance to diseases such as fusarium, ascochytosis, peronosporosis, bacteriosis, and septoria. The yield of soybean varietal diversity, grain quality in terms of protein and oil content, and environmental sustainability were analyzed. Soybean varieties combining complex disease resistance with a high level of genetic yield potential were identified. The resistance of soybean varieties to adverse environmental factors during the growing season was determined. The study of soybean varietal resources was conducted based on the analysis of the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine for 2024. Soybean varieties characterized by comprehensive disease resistance and high yield have been identified: Phrine, Kingston, Liska, Combinator, Smaragd, ES Kolektor, AFK Tempo, Stein 07Zh22, Stine 11N20, Attractor, Kobuko, Abaka, AFK Sprin, RZhT Satelia, ES Visitor, RZhT Sakuza, Sussex, RZhT Salsa, Alvesta, OAC Candy, OAC Attica, Alicia, ES Competitor, Dakota, Christian, Sahara, Pocahontas, Achilea. The yield of the selected soybean varieties ranged from 3.5 t/ha for the Phrіne variety to 4.38 t/ha for the Achilea variety. The protein content of the selected soybean varieties varied from 37.2 % for the Phrіne variety to 44.6 % for the Liska variety. The oil content ranged from 18.5 % in the EC Competitor variety to 22.6 % in the Phrіne variety. The resistance to seed shedding in the selected soybean varieties was at the level of 9 points, only the varieties OAC Candy, ES Visitor, Abaka, and Stein 07Zh22 had resistance to shedding of 8 points. The indicator of plant resistance to lodging was the most variable: among the 28 selected varieties, 18 varieties scored 9 points, 7 varieties scored 8 points, 2 varieties scored 7 points, and 1 variety scored 6 points. Drought resistance in conditions of climate change is an important adaptive property of the variety. Among the 28 selected soybean varieties, 23 varieties had a drought resistance level of 9 points, 4 varieties had 8 points, and 1 variety had 7 points. The varietal potential of soybeans includes varieties that differ in disease resistance, yield, seed quality, and environmental sustainability.
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