The impact of sowing dates and pre-sowing seed treatment with biopreparations on phenological indicators and leaf apparatus development in buckwheat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2025.28.04.04Keywords:
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, vegetation period, developmental phases, leaf area, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilenseAbstract
Climate change and adverse weather conditions present significant challenges for the effective cultivation of buckwheat, necessitating the search for new agronomic solutions. One such approach involves optimizing sowing dates and using biopreparations for pre-sowing seed treatment, which improves leaf apparatus development and enhances crop productivity. This study was conducted in 2025 under the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine using the buckwheat variety Elena. The experiment included two sowing dates (May 5 and May 12) and the following pre-sowing seed treatment schemes: control; Azotofit (0.5 l/t); Diazobacterin for buckwheat (0.2 l/t); Azotofit (0.5 l/t) + Diazobacterin (0.2 l/t). It was found that the early sowing date (May 5) ensured an optimal vegetation period (87–89 days), which was 7 days longer than the late sowing date. Favorable conditions for the full passage of organogenesis phases and the formation of a powerful assimilatory apparatus resulted in the accumulation of above-ground vegetative mass that was 7.3–8.8% higher than that at the late sowing date. At the flowering stage, the leaf area at the early sowing date was also 6.7–8.5% larger, contributing to a high photosynthetic potential of the crops. Pre-sowing seed treatment with biopreparations consistently had a positive impact on all indicators, regardless of the sowing date. Application of Diazobacterin resulted in a 17.6% increase in above-ground vegetative mass and a 1.4% increase in leaf area compared to the control. The use of Azotofit produced a more pronounced effect, with increases of 19.8% and 5.6%, respectively. The most effective result was achieved with the combined use of both biopreparations, providing a synergistic effect, with increases of 34.1% and 9.8% in the respective indicators compared to the control. Considering the 2-day reduction in the vegetation period, this suggests optimized growth processes and improved resource use efficiency. The findings confirm the advisability of using early sowing dates and nitrogen-fixing biopreparations to optimize buckwheat cultivation technology under climate change conditions.
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