Efficiency of the application of bio preparations for managing the development of tomato diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2026.29.01.04Keywords:
tomato, biological products, Alternaria blight, anthracnose, bacterial diseases, yieldAbstract
Tomato is one of the leading vegetable crops, but significant damage to its harvest is caused by the development of diseases, the losses from which can reach 30 %. In this regard, studies are relevant to establish the effectiveness of the use of biological products to limit the development of major tomato diseases in open ground conditions and increase their yield. According to the results of phytosanitary monitoring of tomato crops in open ground conditions during the growing seasons of 2024 –2025, it was established that the dominant fungal disease in the agrocenosis is early dry spot or alternariosis (Alternaria solani Ell. et Mart.). In the fruit formation phase, the prevalence of the disease on average over the years of research was 88,1 %, and the intensity of development was 32.3 %. Anthracnose damage to tomato fruits was noted (Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes). The prevalence of the disease was 20,0 % with an intensity of development of 14,8 %. Bacterial diseases were represented by pathogens of wet bacterial rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) and black bacterial spot (Xanthomonas vesicatoria Doidge). The prevalence of wet bacterial rot reached 23,0 %, and black bacterial spot did not exceed 10,0 %. It was established that the treatment of plants with biological products significantly reduces the development of tomato diseases in open ground conditions. The technical efficiency of their use against the complex of tomato diseases was within 30,6–54,7 %, while the chemical standard – 50,5–63,2 %. The best protection of tomatoes from diseases among biological products was provided by 5-time treatment of plants with Vitastim BT and Fitosporin BT (10 l/ha). The technical effectiveness of this measure to limit the development of fungal diseases (Alternaria blight, anthracnose) was 45,8–52,7 %, bacterial (wet rot, black bacterial spot) – 52,3–54,7 %. The use of biological products contributed to an increase in the marketable yield of tomato fruits by 2,42–4,63 t/ha, which indicates the effectiveness of their use and the feasibility of using them to control tomato diseases.
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