Features of growth and development of sunflower hybrids under different weather conditions and nutrition levels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2026.29.02.01Keywords:
sunflower, hybrid, fertilizers, plant height, leaf area, basket diameterAbstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important and economically viable crops in Ukraine's modern agricultural sector. It holds a leading position in the global vegetable oil market in terms of production scale and export potential. The research aimed to theoretically support and experimentally confirm the effectiveness of different fertilizer schemes for sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. The study was conducted in 2024–2025 at the experimental field of the Poltava State Agricultural Research Station named after M. I. Vavilov. It was found that weather conditions during the research years significantly differed from the long-term average values and were characterized by frequent air temperature fluctuations and atmospheric precipitation deficit. Analysis of morphometric parameters has shown that plant growth and development largely depended on a combination of hydrothermal conditions and the mineral nutrition system of sunflowers. It was found that, on average, in 2024–2025, the height of plants in the variants with fertilizer application was 137–156 cm, which was 2–10 cm higher than the control (without fertilization). The highest plant height was observed in plants of hybrid Azart and Khoriv, which were treated with a combination of mineral fertilizers at a rate of N16P16K16 and foliar application of Yarilo Super Azot (4 l/ha) and urea solution (8 kg/ha) at the 5–6 leaf pair stage. It was found that the use of mineral fertilizers and foliar applications contributed to an increase in the leaf area and basket diameter. The maximum leaf area ranged from 37.5 to 42.6 dm² per plant, exceeding the control variant by 18.7–39.6 %. The largest basket diameter was observed in hybrid Azart (up to 17.1 cm) when mineral fertilizers and foliar application were used in combination. The results confirm the effectiveness of combining mineral fertilizer application with foliar application to optimize the growth, development, and yield components of sunflower hybrids under conditions of unstable water supply.
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