Лабораторна діагностика хронічної хвороби нирок у свійських собак
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2026.29.02.07Keywords:
veterinary diagnostics, blood biochemistry, urinalysis, proteins, urea, creatinine, dimethylarginineAbstract
The study was conducted on dogs with confirmed chronic kidney disease, as determined by clinical examination, hematological and biochemical blood tests, and laboratory urine analysis. It was found that the progression of the disease is accompanied by significant abnormalities in blood and urine parameters, which worsen in accordance with the degree of renal tissue damage. In stage III of the disease, dogs exhibited a decrease in red blood cell count (P<0.01), hemoglobin concentration (P<0.001), hematocrit (P<0.001), and platelet count (P<0.001), indicating the development of anemic syndrome. At the same time, an increase in white blood cell count (P<0.001) and a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes (P<0.05) were observed, indicating the presence of concomitant inflammatory processes and immunological disorders. Biochemical tests revealed a decrease in albumin levels (P<0.01), a significant increase in the levels of symmetric dimethylarginine (P<0.001), urea (P<0.001), creatinine (P<0.001), and inorganic phosphorus (P<0.001), which characterized impaired renal filtration capacity and the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products. Urinalysis in dogs with stage III disease revealed a decrease in specific gravity (P<0.001), the presence of protein (P<0.001), and an increase in the number of leukocytes in the sediment. In stage IV chronic kidney disease, all of these changes were more pronounced. In dogs with stage IV CKD, severe anemia, pronounced thrombocytopenia, and lymphocytopenia were observed against a background of leukocytosis. The concentrations of markers characterizing renal function were several times higher compared to clinically healthy animals, indicating significant impairment or loss of renal excretory function. The development of hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia was observed, which is associated with progressive damage to the nephrons and protein loss. Urine samples were characterized by a sharp decrease in specific gravity, marked proteinuria, an increase in white blood cell count, and, in some cases, anuria. The results confirm that a comprehensive assessment of blood and urine parameters is a useful approach for evaluating renal function, determining the stage of the pathological process, monitoring disease progression, and predicting its outcomes in dogs with chronic kidney disease
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