Optimization of soybean sowing and fertilization rate in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2026.29.01.05Keywords:
soybean, seeding rates, fertilizers, inoculation, biostimulantAbstract
Studying optimal seeding rates and fertilization systems for soybean crops is important. Incorrectly selected plant density leads to irrational use of resources or, conversely, to excessive competition, while unbalanced mineral and biological nutrition inhibits the efficiency of nodule formation and crop formation. Thus, scientific substantiation and implementation of economically justified sowing and fertilization rates are a key lever for maximizing the genetic potential of modern soybean varieties, which directly affects the growth of the profitability of agricultural production and the competitiveness of the industry. The purpose of the research is to establish the effectiveness of various seeding rates, fertilizer application, growth stimulant, and seed inoculation for the Samorodok soybean variety. The task is to determine the impact of seeding rates and fertilizers on seed germination, biometric indicators, and elements of the crop structure. The research was conducted during 2023–2025 in the Kirovohrad region. The soil is ordinary medium-humus heavy loamy black soil. The early-ripening soybean variety Samorodok was studied. The experiment was set up using the split-plot method. Factor A is seeding rates, factor B is the nutritional background. Mineral fertilizers (Р40К40) were applied by spreading method for pre-sowing cultivation. Inoculation with Rizoactiv was carried out at a rate of 2 l/t of seeds, the biostimulant Vitazym was used at a rate of 1 l/t. As a result of the research, it was found that as the seeding rate increased, field seed germination decreased by 1.9–2.0 %. Complex fertilizer (Р40К40 + Rhizoactiv + Vitazym) provided an increase in germination by 3.9–4.2 % compared to the control. With an increase in the seeding rate, the weight of one plant decreased by 6.0–7.6 g. The largest plant mass was provided by the complex fertilizer option, at a rate of 500 thousand/ha it was 33.8 g (increase compared to the control of 5.5 g). Unlike mass, plant height increased by an average of 2.3 cm with increasing seeding rate. The use of fertilizers provided greater height; in dense sowing (900 thousand/ha), it was 56.1 cm, which exceeded the control by 5.6 %. The number of tubers decreased as the seeding rate increased by 8.7–10.2 pcs. At a rate of 500 thousand/ha, it was 38.4 pcs., which is higher than the control by 10 pcs. or 35.2 %. Analysis of the elements of the crop structure showed that the number of beans during thickening decreased by 6.7–9.1 pcs. which was 27.7–29.8 %. At the same time, the mass of seeds decreased on average by 1.1 g (28.9 %). The highest seed productivity per unit area was at a seeding rate of 700 thousand/ha (average 241 g/m2). Higher yield (27.8 c/ha) was obtained at a seeding rate of 700 thousand c/ha when using mineral fertilizers Р40К40 and seed treatment with Rizoactiv and Vitazym. The yield increase was 4.4 c/ha, or 18.8 %.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Т. П. Шепілова, Д. І. Петренко, К. В. Васильковська, О. Г. Андрейченко
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