Modern innovation-intensive technologies in the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector

Abstract

The purpose of this review was to summarize modern approaches and systematize the experience of implementing innovation-intensive technologies in the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector, as well as to identify the conditions, risks, and prospects for their effective application in the context of global challenges and military threats. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of innovation-intensive technologies in developing Ukraine’s agricultural sector under contemporary global challenges related to climate change, soil degradation, rising resource costs, and the consequences of military conflict. The historical evolution of intensive farming systems is examined – from traditional plowing to modern no-till and strip-till practices such as No-till, Strip-till, and Verti-till. The feasibility of transitioning agricultural production to an innovation-intensive model is substantiated, emphasizing the integration of digitalization, biotechnology, automation, and environmentally oriented approaches. Special attention is devoted to the implementation of precision farming (GPS navigation, remote sensing, drones, IoT sensors), digital management platforms (AgriChain, GeoPard), and data-driven systems for yield forecasting and resource optimization. It is demonstrated that innovation-intensive technologies can increase productivity by 15–30 % while reducing energy and resource consumption. Case studies highlight the adoption of innovations by leading Ukrainian agricultural holdings, as well as by farms and cooperatives that act as local innovation hubs. The conditions for successful implementation of the innovation-driven model are summarized: investment support, government programs, human resource development, infrastructure improvement, and international cooperation. Risks and constraints are also discussed, including wartime threats, shortage of qualified specialists, high equipment costs, technological barriers, and social conservatism. The prospects for the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector are grounded in combining intensive technologies with the principles of ecological sustainability and digital transformation. The article concludes that the innovation-intensive production model is a strategic factor in maintaining competitiveness, enhancing food security, and integrating Ukraine into the global agricultural market.